Institute of Biological Technology, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330032, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
BMC Vet Res. 2022 Jun 24;18(1):243. doi: 10.1186/s12917-022-03330-4.
Host-associated gut microbial communities are key players in shaping the fitness and health of animals. However, most current studies have focused on the gut bacteria, neglecting important gut fungal and archaeal components of these communities. Here, we investigated the gut fungi and archaea community composition in Large White piglets using shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and systematically evaluated how community composition association with gut microbiome, functional capacity, and serum metabolites varied across three weaning periods.
We found that Mucoromycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most common fungi phyla and Euryarchaeota was the most common archaea phyla across individuals. We identified that Methanosarcina siciliae was the most significantly different archaea species among three weaning periods, while Parasitella parasitica, the only differential fungi species, was significantly and positively correlated with Methanosarcina siciliae enriched in day 28 group. The random forest analysis also identified Methanosarcina siciliae and Parasitella parasitica as weaning-biased archaea and fungi at the species level. Additionally, Methanosarcina siciliae was significantly correlated with P. copri and the shifts of functional capacities of the gut microbiome and several CAZymes in day 28 group. Furthermore, characteristic successional alterations in gut archaea, fungi, bacteria, and serum metabolites with each weaning step revealed a weaning transition coexpression network, e.g., Methanosarcina siciliae and P. copri were positively and significantly correlated with 15-HEPE, 8-O-Methyloblongine, and Troxilin B3.
Our findings provide a deep insight into the interactions among gut archaea, fungi, bacteria, and serum metabolites and will present a theoretical framework for understanding gut bacterial colonization and succession association with archaea during piglet weaning transitions.
宿主相关的肠道微生物群落是影响动物健康和适应性的关键因素。然而，目前大多数研究都集中在肠道细菌上，忽略了这些群落中重要的肠道真菌和古菌成分。在这里，我们使用高通量宏基因组测序技术研究了大白猪仔猪的肠道真菌和古菌群落组成，并系统评估了群落组成与肠道微生物组、功能能力和血清代谢物之间的关联如何在三个断奶期发生变化。
我们发现，毛霉门、子囊菌门和担子菌门是最常见的真菌门，广古菌门是最常见的古菌门。我们发现 Methanosarcina siciliae 是三个断奶期之间最显著不同的古菌物种，而唯一的差异真菌种 Parasitella parasitica 与 Methanosarcina siciliae 显著正相关，Methanosarcina siciliae 在 28 天组中丰度较高。随机森林分析还确定 Methanosarcina siciliae 和 Parasitella parasitica 是物种水平上与断奶相关的古菌和真菌。此外，Methanosarcina siciliae 与 P. copri 显著相关，与 28 天组中肠道微生物组的功能能力和几种 CAZymes 的变化相关。此外，随着每个断奶阶段的进行，肠道古菌、真菌、细菌和血清代谢物的特征性演替变化揭示了一个断奶过渡共表达网络，例如，Methanosarcina siciliae 和 P. copri 与 15-HEPE、8-O-Methyloblongine 和 Troxilin B3 呈正相关且显著相关。
我们的研究结果深入了解了肠道古菌、真菌、细菌和血清代谢物之间的相互作用，并为理解仔猪断奶过渡期间肠道细菌定植和演替与古菌的关系提供了理论框架。
