Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, 1301 Sunnyside Avenue, Room 101BE, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2022 Sep;122(9):2019-2035. doi: 10.1007/s00421-022-04983-7. Epub 2022 Jun 25.
Resistance exercise training (RET) is a key modality to enhance sports performance, injury prevention and rehabilitation, and improving overall health via increases in muscular strength. Yet, the contribution of neural mechanisms to increases in muscular strength are highly debated. This is particularly true for the involvement of the motor unit, which is the link between neural (activation) and mechanical (muscle fiber twitch forces) mechanisms. A plethora of literature that examines the effects of RET on skeletal muscle speculate the role of motor units, such as increases in firing rates partially explains muscular strength gains. Results, however, are mixed regarding changes in firing rates in studies that utilize single motor unit recordings. The lack of clarity could be related to vast or subtle differences in RET programs, methods to record motor units, muscles tested, types of contractions and intensities used to record motor units, etc. Yet to be discussed, mixed findings could be the result of non-uniform MU behavior that is not typically accounted for in RET research. The purpose of this narration is to discuss the effects of acute resistance exercise training studies on MU behavior and to provide guidance for future research.
抗阻训练（RET）是一种通过增加肌肉力量来提高运动表现、预防和康复损伤以及改善整体健康的关键方式。然而，神经机制对肌肉力量增加的贡献仍存在高度争议。对于运动单位的参与情况尤其如此，运动单位是神经（激活）和机械（肌肉纤维抽搐力）机制之间的联系。大量研究 RET 对骨骼肌影响的文献推测，运动单位放电频率的增加部分解释了肌肉力量的增加。然而，在利用单个运动单位记录的研究中，关于放电频率的变化，结果却各不相同。这种不明确性可能与 RET 方案、记录运动单位的方法、测试的肌肉、用于记录运动单位的收缩类型和强度等方面存在巨大或微妙的差异有关。尚未讨论的是，混合结果可能是由于非均匀 MU 行为所致，而这种行为在 RET 研究中通常未被考虑。本综述的目的是讨论急性抗阻训练研究对 MU 行为的影响，并为未来的研究提供指导。
