通过过敏史进行风险分层:专门的 COVID-19 疫苗诊所的单中心经验。
Risk stratification through allergy history: single-centre experience of specialized COVID-19 vaccine clinic.
机构信息
Department of Clinical Immunology, St James' Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
Citywest Vaccination Centre, Dublin, Ireland.
出版信息
Clin Exp Immunol. 2022 Aug 19;209(2):182-187. doi: 10.1093/cei/uxac064.
Anaphylaxis is a rare side-effect of COVID-19 vaccines. To (a) provide direct advice and reassurance to certain persons with a history of anaphylaxis/complex allergy, in addition to that available in national guidelines, and (b) to provide a medically supervised vaccination, a specialist regional vaccine allergy clinic was established. The main objective was to determine if risk stratification through history can lead to safe COVID-19 vaccination for maximum population coverage. A focused history was taken to establish contraindications to giving COVID-19 vaccines. People who reported a high-risk allergy history were given a vaccine not containing the excipient thought to have directly caused previous anaphylaxis. All vaccines were monitored for 30 min after administration. A total of 206 people were vaccinated between 6 July 2021 and 31 August 2021; Comirnaty (Pfizer-BioNTech) (n = 34), and Janssen (n = 172). In total, 78% were women. Ninety-two people (45%) reported a high-risk allergy history. There were no cases of anaphylaxis. Three people developed urticaria and one of these also developed transient tachycardia. One vaccinee developed a pseudoseizure. Two of 208 people (<1%) referred during this time declined vaccination based on personal preference, despite the assessment of low clinical risk. In our experience, all vaccines with high-risk allergy histories were administered Pfizer BioNTech or Janssen Covid-19 vaccines uneventfully following screening based on allergy-focussed history. Our data support that drug allergy is not associated with a higher risk of vaccine-related anaphylaxis but may act to guide the administration of alternate vaccines to people with polyethylene glycol/polysorbate 80/trometamol allergies or anaphylaxis after the first dose.
过敏反应是 COVID-19 疫苗的罕见副作用。为了 (a) 为有过敏反应/复杂过敏史的特定人群提供直接建议和安心,除了国家指南中提供的建议,(b) 为提供医疗监督下的疫苗接种,设立了一个专门的区域疫苗过敏诊所。主要目的是确定通过病史进行风险分层是否可以为最大人群接种 COVID-19 疫苗提供安全性。详细询问病史以确定接种 COVID-19 疫苗的禁忌症。报告高风险过敏史的人接种不含有被认为直接导致以前过敏反应的赋形剂的疫苗。所有疫苗接种后均观察 30 分钟。2021 年 7 月 6 日至 2021 年 8 月 31 日期间共接种了 206 人;Comirnaty(辉瑞-生物科技)(n = 34)和 Janssen(n = 172)。总共有 78%是女性。92 人(45%)报告有高风险过敏史。没有过敏反应病例。三人出现荨麻疹,其中一人还出现短暂心动过速。一名疫苗接种者出现假性癫痫发作。在这段时间内,208 人中有 2 人(<1%)根据个人喜好拒绝接种疫苗,尽管评估为临床风险低。根据我们的经验,所有有高风险过敏史的疫苗在根据过敏史进行筛查后,均安全接种辉瑞生物科技或 Janssen COVID-19 疫苗。我们的数据支持药物过敏与疫苗相关过敏反应的风险增加无关,但可能有助于指导对有聚乙二醇/聚山梨酯 80/曲美他嗪过敏或第一剂后过敏反应的人接种替代疫苗。