Salas-Coronas Joaquín, Pérez Pérez Alejandra, Roure Silvia, Sánchez Peinador Carmen, Santos Larrégola Laura, Arranz Izquierdo Javier, Bocanegra Cristina, García López Hortelano Milagros, García Vázquez Elisa, Moza Moriñigo Helena, Azkune Galparsoro Harkaitz
Unidad de Medicina Tropical, Hospital Universitario Poniente, SEMTSI, El Ejido (Almería), España.
Sección de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Subdirección de Salud Pública de Zaragoza, SEMFYC, Zaragoza, España.
Aten Primaria. 2022 Aug;54(8):102408. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2022.102408. Epub 2022 Jun 23.
Human schistosomiasis is the parasitic disease with the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide after malaria. It is endemic in more than 78 tropical and subtropical countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, and it is estimated that 236 million people are infected. It can cause serious health complications at the genitourinary and hepatosplenic level, leading to the death of 300,000 people each year. The number of imported cases in Western countries has increased in recent years due to the arrival of a significant number of migrants from endemic regions and a growing number of travelers who have visited them. On the other hand, outbreaks of autochthonous transmission have recently been reported in Corsica (France) and Almería (Spain). For all these reasons, the European health authorities have recommended serological screening for the disease in all migrants from endemic areas who have been living in Europe for less than 5 years. Since Primary Care is usually the first point of contact for these people with the Health System, doctors must know the main aspects of the disease, and be provided with the necessary means for its diagnosis and treatment. This document has been prepared by professionals belonging to five scientific societies of Primary Care (SEMFyC, SEMG, SEMERGEN), Pediatrics (SEIP) and Tropical Medicine and International Health (SEMTSI), in order to establish clear recommendations for the diagnosis and management of schistosomiasis in Primary Care.
人类血吸虫病是全球发病率和死亡率仅次于疟疾的寄生虫病。它在78个以上的热带和亚热带国家流行，尤其是在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，据估计有2.36亿人感染。它可在泌尿生殖系统和肝脾水平引发严重的健康并发症，每年导致30万人死亡。近年来，由于大量来自流行地区的移民抵达以及前往这些地区的旅行者增多，西方国家的输入性病例有所增加。另一方面，最近在科西嘉岛（法国）和阿尔梅里亚（西班牙）报告了本地传播疫情。出于所有这些原因，欧洲卫生当局建议对所有在欧洲居住不到5年的来自流行地区的移民进行该疾病的血清学筛查。由于基层医疗通常是这些人与卫生系统的首个接触点，医生必须了解该疾病的主要方面，并具备诊断和治疗所需的手段。本文档由来自基层医疗（SEMFyC、SEMG、SEMERGEN）、儿科学（SEIP）以及热带医学与国际卫生（SEMTSI）五个科学协会的专业人员编写，旨在为基层医疗中血吸虫病的诊断和管理制定明确的建议。
