Peluso Julieta, Pérez Coll Cristina S, Rojas Dante E, Cristos Diego, Aronzon Carolina M
Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, CONICET-UNSAM, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto Tecnología de Los Alimentos, Argentina.
Chemosphere. 2022 Oct;305:135385. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135385. Epub 2022 Jun 23.
Sediments of aquatic ecosystems constitute the fate of most atmospheric and terrestrial pollutants. Since aquatic organisms, such as amphibians, interact with sediments, the presence of pollutants may affect their survival, growth and reproduction. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate, the sediment and water quality of five sites from the lower basin of the Paraná River (Buenos Aires, Argentina) with different anthropic impacts: Morejón stream (S1), de la Cruz stream upstream (S2) and downstream (S3), Arrecifes river (S4), tributary stream of Arrecifes river (S5). Physicochemical parameters were measured in situ (water) and in laboratory (water and sediment samples). Also, a screening of metals and pesticides was performed. Chronic (504 h) lethal toxicity bioassays were performed exposing Rhinella arenarum larvae to sediment and water samples. Oxidative stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S transferase, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation) and genotoxicity (micronuclei test) biomarkers were analyzed at acute (96 h) exposure. According to the calculated water quality index, S1 and S3 showed excellent quality, S2 good quality and, S4 and S5 poor quality. Dissolved oxygen was low in all sites (2.26-5.63 mg/L) and S5 had the highest organic matter content. Copper levels exceeded the limit for the protection of aquatic life in S2 and S4; arsenic levels exceeded its limit in S4; and selenium levels exceeded its limit in S4 and S5. Pesticides were mainly detected in water samples. Sediment from S5 showed higher sulfide and organic matter concentrations. At 504 h, no significant mortality was observed in the control group while S5 caused the greatest mortality (80%), followed by S2 (66.67%), S1 (63.33%), S3 (46.67%) and S4 (43.4%). All samples caused oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and samples from S4 also caused genotoxicity. The analysis of sediment and water samples was a suitable approach to assess the effects of water bodies on a native amphibian species.
水生生态系统的沉积物构成了大多数大气和陆地污染物的归宿。由于诸如两栖动物等水生生物会与沉积物相互作用，污染物的存在可能会影响它们的生存、生长和繁殖。因此，本研究的目的是评估巴拉那河下游流域（阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯）五个受不同人为影响地点的沉积物和水质：莫雷洪溪流（S1）、德拉克鲁斯溪流上游（S2）和下游（S3）、阿雷西费斯河（S4）、阿雷西费斯河支流溪流（S5）。现场（水）和实验室（水和沉积物样本）测量了理化参数。此外，还对金属和农药进行了筛选。进行了慢性（504小时）致死毒性生物测定，将纳氏蟾蜍幼虫暴露于沉积物和水样中。在急性（96小时）暴露时分析了氧化应激（过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽S转移酶、还原型谷胱甘肽和脂质过氧化）和遗传毒性（微核试验）生物标志物。根据计算出的水质指数，S1和S3水质极佳，S2水质良好，S4和S5水质较差。所有地点的溶解氧都很低（2.26 - 5.63毫克/升），S5的有机物含量最高。S2和S4中的铜含量超过了保护水生生物的限值；S4中的砷含量超过了其限值；S4和S5中的硒含量超过了其限值。农药主要在水样中检测到。S5的沉积物中硫化物和有机物浓度较高。在504小时时，对照组未观察到显著死亡率，而S5导致的死亡率最高（80%），其次是S2（66.67%）、S1（63.33%）、S3（46.67%）和S4（43.4%）。所有样本都引起了氧化应激和脂质过氧化，S4的样本还引起了遗传毒性。沉积物和水样分析是评估水体对本地两栖动物物种影响的合适方法。
