Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0374, USA; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Zhongke Langfang Institute of Spatial Information Applications, Langfang, Hebei 065001, China.
Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0374, USA; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Oct 10;842:156951. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156951. Epub 2022 Jun 23.
Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution is a significant driver of premature deaths. We estimate the number of cardiovascular and respiratory (CR) premature deaths attributed to long-term exposure to PM in 33 global megacities based on long-term remotely sensed observations from 2000 to 2019. Our analysis uses high-resolution (0.01 degree) PM concentration data and cause-specific integrated exposure-response (IER) functions developed for the Global Burden of Disease Project. From 2000 to 2019, PM-related CR death rates per 1000 people increased in 6 of 33 megacities, decreased in 9, and remained constant in 18 megacities. The increase in PM-related CR mortality in 11 megacities located in South and East Asia during the period 2000-2019 can be attributed to the increases in PM concentrations. All 33 megacities could avoid 30,248 (9 %), 62,989 (20 %), 128,457 (40 %), 198,462 (62 %) and all of the estimated 322,515 CR deaths attributed to PM pollution in 2019 if they were to attain the World Health Organization's four interim PM targets (IT-1, IT-2, IT-3, and IT-4) and the new air quality guideline (AQG), respectively. Major improvements in air quality are needed to reduce the number of CR deaths attributed to PM in South and East Asia, in addition to ny reductions that would likely follow shifts in the population structures of these megacities moving forward.
暴露于环境细颗粒物（PM）空气污染是导致过早死亡的一个重要因素。我们根据 2000 年至 2019 年的长期遥感观测，估算了全球 33 个人口超大城市因长期暴露于 PM 而导致心血管和呼吸（CR）过早死亡的人数。我们的分析使用了高分辨率（0.01 度）的 PM 浓度数据和针对全球疾病负担项目开发的特定原因综合暴露反应（IER）函数。从 2000 年到 2019 年，33 个人口超大城市中有 6 个人口超大城市的 PM 相关 CR 死亡率上升，9 个人口超大城市的死亡率下降，18 个人口超大城市的死亡率保持不变。在 2000-2019 年期间，位于南亚和东亚的 11 个人口超大城市的 PM 相关 CR 死亡率增加，这归因于 PM 浓度的增加。如果全球 33 个人口超大城市都能达到世界卫生组织的四个临时 PM 目标（IT-1、IT-2、IT-3 和 IT-4）和新的空气质量准则（AQG），那么它们就可以避免 2019 年因 PM 污染而导致的 322515 例 CR 死亡中的 30248 例（9%）、62989 例（20%）、128457 例（40%）、198462 例（62%）和全部 322515 例。除了这些超大城市人口结构变化可能带来的减排外，南亚和东亚还需要大幅改善空气质量，以减少因 PM 导致的 CR 死亡人数。
