Clearinghouse for Military Family Readiness at Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Social Science Research Institute, Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Work. 2022;72(4):1349-1357. doi: 10.3233/WOR-210029.
Underemployment is a challenge for the civilian workforce and a particular risk for veterans as they transition from military service to civilian employment. Workers' economic and demographic characteristics factor into underemployment risk. Veterans may be at greater risk due to specific economic and demographic factors, transitional factors (e.g., geographic relocation), and characteristics of their military service (e.g., military skill alignment with civilian jobs).
Describe underemployment experiences in employed post-9/11 veterans three years after their military transition to the civilian workforce.
The current study uses self-reported underemployment experience data from a longitudinal study of transitioning veterans. This study compares average perceptions of veteran underemployment experiences by specific groups (e.g., by race, gender, and paygrade) using analysis of variance and logistic regression.
Veterans reported underemployment in their current jobs based on a perceived mismatch between the skills, education, and/or leadership experience they gained during military service.
Veterans who were enlisted rank, identified as non-White, completed a bachelor's degree, and indicated PTSD symptoms reported higher pervasive underemployment. Intervention implications for the results, such as employer and veteran employment supports, are discussed.
就业不足是文职人员面临的一个挑战，对于退役军人来说尤其如此，因为他们从服兵役向 civilian employment 过渡。工人的经济和人口特征因素会影响就业不足的风险。由于特定的经济和人口因素、过渡因素（例如，地理迁移）以及他们的兵役特征（例如，军事技能与 civilian jobs 的匹配程度），退役军人可能面临更大的风险。
描述就业后(post-9/11)退役军人在 transition 到 civilian workforce 三年后的就业不足经历。
本研究使用了一项退伍军人过渡纵向研究的自我报告就业不足经历数据。本研究使用方差分析和 logistic 回归比较了特定群体（例如，按种族、性别和薪级）对退役军人就业不足经历的平均看法。
退役军人根据他们在 military service 期间获得的技能、教育和/或领导经验与 current jobs 之间的 perceived 不匹配报告了就业不足。
enlisted rank、非白人、完成学士学位、报告 PTSD 症状的退役军人报告了更高的普遍就业不足。讨论了针对这些结果的干预措施的意义，例如雇主和退役军人就业支持。
