Franco A H
Phys Ther. 1987 May;67(5):688-94. doi: 10.1093/ptj/67.5.688.
The arch of the foot serves as an adaptable, supportive base for the entire body. This article discusses how the arch of the foot affects the normal biomechanics of the lower limb. An anatomical overview of the three components of the arch of the foot is presented, identifying the medial longitudinal arch as the arch mainly responsible for related structural problems throughout the lower limb. Deviations in the normal structure of the medial longitudinal arch produce unbalanced, functionally unstable conditions of the foot such as pes cavus or pes planus. Specific evaluation criteria for both pes cavus and pes planus are discussed, in addition to the adverse effects these two disorders have on weight bearing, force dissipation, and normal gait. Compensatory pronation associated with pes planus is one of the most common lower extremity disorders seen currently by physical therapists working in sports medicine, and its causes and related lower limb disorders are discussed. Most of these structural deformities can be corrected through the use of various orthotic devices. Specific guidelines are presented for using both soft and permanent orthoses, which offer the foot increased shock absorption and proper structural alignment.
足弓作为整个身体适应性强的支撑基础。本文讨论了足弓如何影响下肢的正常生物力学。文中介绍了足弓三个组成部分的解剖学概述，指出内侧纵弓是主要导致整个下肢相关结构问题的足弓。内侧纵弓正常结构的偏差会产生足部不平衡、功能不稳定的状况，如高弓足或扁平足。除了这两种病症对负重、力的消散和正常步态的不利影响外，还讨论了高弓足和扁平足的具体评估标准。与扁平足相关的代偿性内旋是目前运动医学领域物理治疗师所见最常见的下肢病症之一，文中讨论了其成因及相关的下肢病症。这些结构畸形大多可通过使用各种矫形器械得到矫正。文中给出了使用软性和永久性矫形器的具体指导原则，这些矫形器可为足部提供更好的减震效果并使其结构正确对齐。
