Warren Jasmine G, Goodwin Laura, Gage Suzanne H, Rose Abigail K
Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, UK.
Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, University of Liverpool, UK.
Compr Psychoneuroendocrinol. 2020 Dec 13;5:100022. doi: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2020.100022. eCollection 2021 Feb.
Although alcohol research often comments on observed sex differences (i.e. patterns of consumption), there is a lack of investigation into the reasons for these differences. For females, the regular hormonal fluctuations across the menstrual cycle are a potential influencing factor for alcohol consumption. In this pilot we aimed to investigate the relationship between menstrual cycle phase (follicular-phase [FP] and luteal-phase [LP]) and status (naturally-cycling [NC] and hormonal-contraception [HC]) on alcohol consumption and craving of casual drinkers, and identify potential influencing factors in this relationship.
: participants (n = 28; 15 HC, 13 NC) were either NC or HC (between subject factor: hormonal status) and attended two lab-based sessions corresponding with their FP and LP (within factor: cycle phase [NC] or time [HC]). Participants completed a mock alcohol taste-test, in addition to pre- and post-consumption measures of craving, anxiety, stress, and mood. Study Two: participants (n = 262; 144 HC, 118 NC) were either NC or HC (between subject factor) and completed an online study assessing menstrual cycle phase, alcohol use, craving, impulsivity, and stress.
: A significant effect of cycle phase was found on alcohol craving (p = .019): craving was higher during the FP compared to the LP for NC participants, with HC participants showing no difference across sessions. There was no effect of phase or status on alcohol consumption, stress, or mood (ps > .05). Study Two: Regression analyses showed that age, craving, impulsivity and stress were significantly associated with alcohol consumption for NC participants (ps < .05), however only age and craving were associated with consumption for the HC participants (ps < .001).
Alcohol craving was higher during the follicular, compared to the luteal, phase for the naturally cycling group, and different factors may be associated with drinking behaviour across women who are NC and those using HC. Future alcohol research should consider the menstrual cycle and contraceptive status for females.
尽管酒精研究常常提及观察到的性别差异（即饮酒模式），但对于这些差异的成因却缺乏研究。对于女性而言，月经周期中激素的规律性波动是饮酒行为的一个潜在影响因素。在本试点研究中，我们旨在探究月经周期阶段（卵泡期[FP]和黄体期[LP]）以及状态（自然周期[NC]和激素避孕[HC]）与偶尔饮酒者的饮酒量及酒瘾之间的关系，并确定此关系中的潜在影响因素。
参与者（n = 28；15名使用激素避孕，13名自然周期）分为自然周期组或激素避孕组（组间因素：激素状态），并在与卵泡期和黄体期相对应的时间参加两次实验室测试（组内因素：周期阶段[自然周期组]或时间[激素避孕组]）。参与者除了在饮酒前后完成酒瘾、焦虑、压力和情绪的测量外，还进行了一次模拟酒精味觉测试。研究二：参与者（n = 262；144名使用激素避孕，118名自然周期）分为自然周期组或激素避孕组（组间因素），并完成一项在线研究，评估月经周期阶段、饮酒情况、酒瘾、冲动性和压力。
研究发现周期阶段对酒瘾有显著影响（p = 0.019）：自然周期组参与者在卵泡期的酒瘾高于黄体期，而使用激素避孕的参与者在各测试阶段无差异。阶段或状态对饮酒量、压力或情绪无影响（p > 0.05）。研究二：回归分析表明，年龄、酒瘾、冲动性和压力与自然周期组参与者的饮酒量显著相关（p < 0.05），然而，对于使用激素避孕的参与者，只有年龄和酒瘾与饮酒量相关（p < 0.
