Ortiz Jorge Ramirez, Kaboudian Abouzar, Uzelac Ilija, Iravanian Shahriar, Cherry Elizabeth M, Fenton Flavio H
College of Arts and Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Comput Cardiol (2010). 2021 Sep;48. doi: 10.23919/cinc53138.2021.9662928. Epub 2022 Jan 10.
The shape of the ECG depends on the lead positions but also on the distribution and dispersion of different cell types and their action potential (AP) durations and shapes. We present an interactive JavaScript program that allows fast simulations of the ECG by solving and displaying the dynamics of cardiac cells in tissue using a web browser. We use physiologically accurate ODE models of cardiac cells of different types including SA node, right and left atria, AV node, Purkinje, and right and left ventricular cells with dispersion that accounts for apex-to-base and epi-to-endo variations. The software allows for real-time variations for each cell type and their spatial range so as to identify how the shape of the ECG varies as a function of cell type, distribution, excitation duration and AP shape. The propagation of the wave is visualized in real time through all the regions as parameters are kept fixed or varied to modify ECG morphology. The code solves thousands of simulated cells in real time and is independent of operating system, so it can run on PCs, laptops, tablets and cellphones. This program can be used to teach students, fellows and the general public how and why lead positions and the different cell physiology in the heart affect the various features of the ECG.
心电图的形状不仅取决于导联位置,还取决于不同细胞类型的分布和离散度及其动作电位(AP)的持续时间和形状。我们展示了一个交互式JavaScript程序,该程序通过使用网络浏览器求解并显示组织中心肌细胞的动力学,从而实现对心电图的快速模拟。我们使用不同类型心肌细胞的生理精确常微分方程模型,包括窦房结、左右心房、房室结、浦肯野纤维以及左右心室细胞,并考虑了从心尖到心底以及从心外膜到心内膜的离散度变化。该软件允许对每种细胞类型及其空间范围进行实时变化,以便确定心电图的形状如何随细胞类型、分布、兴奋持续时间和动作电位形状而变化。当参数保持固定或变化以改变心电图形态时,波的传播会在所有区域实时可视化。该代码可实时求解数千个模拟细胞,并且独立于操作系统,因此可以在个人电脑、笔记本电脑、平板电脑和手机上运行。这个程序可用于向学生、研究员和普通大众传授心脏中导联位置和不同细胞生理学如何以及为何会影响心电图的各种特征。