Savory C J
Physiol Behav. 1987;39(2):191-202. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(87)90009-6.
This paper describes a series of experiments with domestic fowls designed to investigate different effects of peripherally administered bombesin (BBS) and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8), with a view to gaining a better understanding of their proposed roles as physiological satiety signals. Following intravenous injections of 1-10 micrograms/kg BBS or CCK8, short periods of complete inhibition of feeding coincided with periods of abnormal gizzard motility, and longer periods of reduced feeding were associated with periods of abnormal gastrointestinal (GI) motility. Increases in heart rate, measured in a separate experiment, coincided with the periods of altered GI and feeding activities. Effects of the peptides on GI motility and feeding were strongly related to dose with CCK8, but not with BBS, and effects of (2 micrograms/kg) BBS and CCK8 on feeding were additive. Evidence from conditioned avoidance tests suggested that consequences of (10 micrograms/kg) BBS and CCK8 injections may be mildly aversive, perhaps more so with BBS, and in another experiment inhibition of feeding by (8 micrograms/kg) BBS (but not CCK8) was almost abolished in birds tranquillised with a reserpine derivative drug. CCK8 was more potent than BBS at suppressing feeding only when relatively high doses (8 and 10 micrograms/kg) were injected. It is suggested that peripherally administered BBS and CCK8 may act on feeding in similar ways, with animals being distracted by possible abdominal discomfort associated with the abnormal GI responses. The results indicate that immediate discomfort may be more severe with BBS, but that discomfort associated with CCK8 may last longer. It is further suggested that satiating properties of the peptides are less apparent in situations where animals are less easily distracted by discomfort, when their arousal is reduced, when their perception of discomfort is reduced and when their motivation to feed is increased.
本文描述了一系列针对家禽的实验，旨在研究外周给予蛙皮素（BBS）和八肽胆囊收缩素（CCK8）的不同作用，以期更好地理解它们作为生理饱腹感信号的假定作用。静脉注射1 - 10微克/千克的BBS或CCK8后，短时间内完全抑制进食与砂囊运动异常的时期同时出现，而较长时间的进食减少与胃肠（GI）运动异常的时期相关。在另一个实验中测量的心率增加与GI和进食活动改变的时期同时出现。这些肽对GI运动和进食的影响与CCK8的剂量密切相关，但与BBS无关，并且（2微克/千克）的BBS和CCK8对进食的影响是相加的。条件回避试验的证据表明，注射（10微克/千克）的BBS和CCK8的后果可能有轻微的厌恶感，可能BBS更明显，并且在另一个实验中，用利血平衍生物药物使鸟类安静后，（8微克/千克）的BBS（而非CCK8）对进食的抑制几乎被消除。仅在注射相对高剂量（8和10微克/千克）时，CCK8在抑制进食方面比BBS更有效。提示外周给予的BBS和CCK8可能以相似的方式作用于进食，动物会因与异常GI反应相关的可能腹部不适而分心。结果表明，BBS引起的即时不适可能更严重，但与CCK8相关的不适可能持续更长时间。进一步提示，在动物不易因不适而分心、觉醒降低、对不适的感知减少以及进食动机增加的情况下，这些肽的饱腹感特性不太明显。
