An exploration of vaccination in the 19th century through the eyes of Dr. Albert Mackey.

One of the first modern practitioners of modern vaccination was Edward Jenner, whose work constituted a significant advancement in smallpox prevention. Since his discovery, issues surrounding vaccine mandates have sparred against the greater American principles of self-reliance, independence, and autonomy over one's body. This paper examines medical training and practice during 19th century America through the letters of a well-known physician named Dr. Albert G. Mackey. These letters provide a glimpse into the attitudes and public health practices of 19th century medical professionals, most notably related to variolizations against smallpox. Furthermore, this exploration of Mackey's writings provides insights into early controversies on safety and government vaccine mandates, which resemble many aspects of the current debates surrounding the COVID-19 vaccine mandates.