Wang Liyuan, Zheng Yongsheng, Duan Lili, Wang Mumu, Wang Hui, Li Hua, Li Ruyu, Zhang Han
Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Jun 10;13:898102. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.898102. eCollection 2022.
Wheat has been widely cultivated all over the world. In China, the number of approved wheat varieties has steadily grown since 2010, with the most notable trend in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. Distinctiveness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) are the prerequisites for a new wheat variety to obtain a release permit. Yet, few reports are available on DUS testing characteristics of released wheat varieties. Here, 32 DUS testing characteristics of 195 wheat varieties released in the Huang-Huai-Hai region were investigated to study their artificial selection trend. The results showed that the means, ranges, and coefficients of variation for eight measured characteristics varied greatly, among which the number of sterile spikelets had the largest variation coefficient of all three wheat-growing areas in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. The difference in plant height between the three wheat-growing areas was the most significant. The mean plant height in the northern winter wheat area was the largest, while that in south Huanghuai was the smallest. The released varieties of the three wheat-growing areas in the region had similar artificial selection trends in some characteristics. For instance, flag leaf length and flag leaf width, grain number per ear, and grain volume weight showed an overall upward trend, while the plant height gradually decreased. The clustering results based on DUS testing characteristics showed that artificial selection of characteristics was consistent with ecological adaptation and breeding process as well as pedigree sources. Our findings indicated that with the current breeding objectives, the selection of some non-economic characteristics of wheat varieties, such as awn color, stem color, and glume color, seemed to be able to enrich the genetic diversity of varieties in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. These results could provide guidance for subsequent wheat breeding and production in this region, screening similar varieties, and determining the distinctness of applied varieties in DUS testing.
小麦已在全球广泛种植。在中国，自2010年以来，审定通过的小麦品种数量稳步增长，其中以黄淮海地区最为显著。特异性、一致性和稳定性（DUS）是小麦新品种获得发放许可的前提条件。然而，关于已发放小麦品种的DUS测试特性的报道较少。在此，对黄淮海地区195个已发放小麦品种的32个DUS测试特性进行了调查，以研究其人工选择趋势。结果表明，8个测量特性的均值、范围和变异系数差异很大，其中不育小穗数在黄淮海地区三个小麦种植区的变异系数最大。三个小麦种植区之间株高差异最为显著。北部冬麦区的平均株高最高，而黄淮海南部的平均株高最低。该地区三个小麦种植区的已发放品种在某些特性上具有相似的人工选择趋势。例如，旗叶长度和旗叶宽度、每穗粒数和容重总体呈上升趋势，而株高逐渐降低。基于DUS测试特性的聚类结果表明，特性的人工选择与生态适应性、育种过程以及系谱来源一致。我们的研究结果表明，按照当前的育种目标，对小麦品种某些非经济特性，如芒色、茎色和颖壳色的选择，似乎能够丰富黄淮海地区品种的遗传多样性。这些结果可为该地区后续的小麦育种和生产、筛选相似品种以及在DUS测试中确定申请品种的特异性提供指导。
