Katschnig H, Simhandl C
Psychopathology. 1986;19(5):219-35. doi: 10.1159/000284464.
Six new developments in the classification and diagnosis of functional mental disorders are described. These are: the standardization of data collection, the formulation of operational diagnostic criteria, the multiaxial approach to psychiatric diagnosis, the development of compromise classification systems, the polydiagnostic approach, and, finally, the idea of validating diagnostic concepts instead of taking them for granted. The merits and pitfalls of each of these new developments are discussed. It is concluded that both the traditional categorical diagnostic approach and the introduction of diagnostic compromise systems are an obstacle to progress in psychiatric research. On the other hand, a blind belief in operational diagnostic criteria also has its drawback. Only efforts at standardized data collection, at using a multiaxial and polydiagnostic approach, and regarding psychiatric diagnoses as hypothesis, will contribute to progress in psychiatric research.
本文描述了功能性精神障碍分类与诊断方面的六项新进展。它们分别是：数据收集的标准化、操作性诊断标准的制定、精神科诊断的多轴方法、折衷分类系统的发展、多诊断方法，以及最后验证诊断概念而非将其视为理所当然的理念。文中讨论了这些新进展各自的优点和缺陷。得出的结论是，传统的分类诊断方法以及诊断折衷系统的引入均是精神科研究进展的障碍。另一方面，盲目相信操作性诊断标准也有其弊端。只有在标准化数据收集、采用多轴和多诊断方法以及将精神科诊断视为假设方面做出努力，才会有助于精神科研究的进展。
