Kumar Lalesh, Mohammadnezhad Masoud
School of Public Health and Primary Care, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji.
Heliyon. 2022 Jun 15;8(6):e09728. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09728. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Optimal glycemic control can be achieved when patients are adherent to self-management behaviours such as healthy diet, physical activity, monitoring of blood glucose, reducing the risk factors, ability to solve problems and healthy coping. In light of limited studies conducted, this study aimed to explore patient's perceptions on factors affecting diabetes self-management among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients of Labasa, Fiji.
A qualitative study was employed to obtain data using semi-structured interviews conducted amongst T2DM patients attending clinics in 3 randomly selected health facilities in Labasa, Fiji from 15 March to 5 April 2021. Non probability purposive sampling was used to recruit 30 T2DM patients. The data was collected using semi-structured open ended questionnaires. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. This was done by closely examining the transcribed data to identify common themes such as ideas, topic and pattern that come up repeatedly, followed by reviewing themes, defining it and naming them.
Five themes emerged including; awareness on diabetes, perceptions towards diabetes mellitus, social support and diabetes self-management, challenges in diabetes self-management, and cultural beliefs and practices. The findings of the study demonstrated lack of knowledge and attitude towards definition of diabetes and its complications. The self-management practices amongst patients were insufficient. There was poor financial support and lack of social support among patients.
The results of this study highlighted various factors such as poor knowledge of diabetes and its complications, inadequate family support, financial burden and strong cultural beliefs and social norms affecting diabetes self-management. This study informs the need to identify the factors affecting diabetes self-management among T2DM patients.
当患者坚持健康饮食、体育锻炼、血糖监测、降低风险因素、解决问题的能力和健康应对等自我管理行为时，就能实现最佳血糖控制。鉴于相关研究有限，本研究旨在探讨斐济拉巴萨2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者对影响糖尿病自我管理因素的看法。
采用定性研究方法，于2021年3月15日至4月5日在斐济拉巴萨随机选取的3家医疗机构中，对前来就诊的T2DM患者进行半结构式访谈以获取数据。采用非概率目的抽样法招募30名T2DM患者。使用半结构式开放式问卷收集数据。采用主题分析法进行数据分析。具体做法是仔细检查转录数据，以识别反复出现的共同主题，如想法、话题和模式，然后审查主题、定义并命名。
出现了五个主题，包括：对糖尿病的认识、对糖尿病的看法、社会支持与糖尿病自我管理、糖尿病自我管理中的挑战以及文化信仰和习俗。研究结果表明，患者对糖尿病及其并发症的定义缺乏知识和正确态度。患者的自我管理实践不足。患者获得的经济支持和社会支持较差。
本研究结果突出了各种因素，如对糖尿病及其并发症的了解不足、家庭支持不足、经济负担以及影响糖尿病自我管理的强烈文化信仰和社会规范。本研究表明有必要确定影响T2DM患者糖尿病自我管理的因素。
