Rajkumar Eslavath, Rajan Anugraha Merin, Daniel Monica, Lakshmi R, John Romate, George Allen Joshua, Abraham John, Varghese Jee
Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India.
Department of Psychology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
Heliyon. 2022 Jun;8(6):e09765. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09765. Epub 2022 Jun 19.
Though quarantine is a pertinent control measure for the spread of COVID-19, it is equally important to consider its negative impacts, as it causes severe psychological, emotional, and financial problems not only for those who are quarantined but also for many others who are directly or indirectly connected to those who are quarantined. There appears to be a need to synthesise the available literature evidence on the psychological impact of quarantine experience, especially the multilevel risk factors that make individuals vulnerable to psychological impact and the protective factors to deal with the negative effects of quarantine.
This systematic review attempted to identify the various psychological impacts associated with the experience of quarantine, the risk and protective factors and list out various psycho-social interventions that can minimise the risks and facilitate the protective factors associated with the experience of quarantine.
A systematic search adhering to the PRISMA guidelines was performed in four databases PubMed, Scopus, PsycNet, Web of Science and 10518 articles related to COVID-19 and quarantine were obtained. After screening processes and quality assessment using standard checklist 74 articles that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were chosen for the final review.
Individuals subjected to quarantine had anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms, sleep problems, and somatic difficulties. Some of the key risk factors during quarantine are young age, female gender, low money, fear of infection, poor sleep quality, reduced physical activity, increased sedentary behaviours, and a lack of social support. Financial difficulties and stigma remained risk factors even after the quarantine period had ended. Key protective factors were coping skills, home based exercise, leisure, recreational activities, maintaining relationships using social media and availability of mental health services. The findings also highlight the necessity for tele mental health interventions to address the psychological effects of quarantine.
Multilevel interventions are required to minimise the impact of risk factors and enhance protective factors.
尽管隔离是控制新冠病毒传播的一项相关措施，但考虑其负面影响同样重要，因为它不仅给被隔离者，也给许多与被隔离者直接或间接相关的其他人带来严重的心理、情绪和经济问题。似乎有必要综合现有文献证据，探讨隔离经历的心理影响，特别是使个体易受心理影响的多层次风险因素以及应对隔离负面影响的保护因素。
本系统评价试图确定与隔离经历相关的各种心理影响、风险和保护因素，并列出各种心理社会干预措施，以尽量减少风险并促进与隔离经历相关的保护因素。
按照PRISMA指南在四个数据库（PubMed、Scopus、PsycNet、Web of Science）中进行系统检索，共获得10518篇与新冠病毒和隔离相关的文章。经过筛选过程和使用标准清单进行质量评估后，选择了74篇符合纳入标准的文章进行最终评价。
接受隔离的个体出现焦虑、抑郁、创伤后应激症状、睡眠问题和躯体不适。隔离期间的一些关键风险因素包括年龄小、女性、资金不足、害怕感染、睡眠质量差、身体活动减少、久坐行为增加以及缺乏社会支持。即使在隔离期结束后，经济困难和污名化仍然是风险因素。关键的保护因素是应对技巧、居家锻炼、休闲娱乐活动、利用社交媒体维持人际关系以及心理健康服务的可获得性。研究结果还强调了远程心理健康干预对于解决隔离心理影响的必要性。
需要采取多层次干预措施，以尽量减少风险因素的影响并增强保护因素。
