Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jun 9;13:918458. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918458. eCollection 2022.
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are GATA3-expressing type 2 cytokine-producing innate lymphocytes that are present in various organs throughout the body. Basically, ILC2s are tissue-resident cells associated with a variety of pathological conditions in each tissue. Differences in the tissue-specific properties of ILC2s are formed by the post-natal tissue environment; however, diversity exists among ILC2s within each localized tissue due to developmental timing and activation. Diversity between steady-state and activated ILC2s in mice and humans has been gradually clarified with the advancement of single-cell RNA-seq technology. Another layer of complexity is that ILC2s can acquire other ILC-like functions, depending on their tissue environment. Further, ILC2s with immunological memory and exhausted ILC2s are both present in tissues, and the nature of ILC2s varies with senescence. To clarify how ILC2s affect human diseases, research should be conducted with a comprehensive understanding of ILC2s, taking into consideration the diversity of ILC2s rather than a snapshot of a single section. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the heterogeneity of ILC2s in the lungs and highlight a novel field of immunology.
2 型固有淋巴细胞（ILC2s）是表达 GATA3 的 2 型细胞因子产生固有淋巴细胞，存在于全身各种器官中。基本上，ILC2s 是与每种组织中各种病理状况相关的组织驻留细胞。ILC2s 的组织特异性特性差异是由出生后组织环境形成的；然而，由于发育时间和激活的不同，每个局部组织内的 ILC2s 存在多样性。随着单细胞 RNA-seq 技术的进步，已经逐渐阐明了稳态和激活的 ILC2s 之间在小鼠和人类中的差异。另一个复杂的层次是，ILC2s 可以根据其组织环境获得其他类似 ILC 的功能。此外，具有免疫记忆和耗竭的 ILC2s 都存在于组织中，并且 ILC2s 的性质随衰老而变化。为了阐明 ILC2s 如何影响人类疾病，应该在全面了解 ILC2s 的基础上进行研究，考虑到 ILC2s 的多样性，而不仅仅是单个部分的快照。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前对肺中 ILC2s 异质性的理解，并强调了一个新的免疫学领域。
