State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jun 10;13:911783. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.911783. eCollection 2022.
With the in-depth understanding of the anti-cancer immunity, immunotherapy has become a promising cancer treatment after surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. As natural immunogenicity substances, some bacteria can preferentially colonize and proliferate inside tumor tissues to interact with the host and exert anti-tumor effect. However, further research is hampered by the infection-associated toxicity and their unpredictable behaviors . Due to modern advances in genetic engineering, synthetic biology, and material science, modifying bacteria to minimize the toxicity and constructing a bacteria-based immunotherapy platform has become a hotspot in recent research. This review will cover the inherent advantages of unedited bacteria, highlight how bacteria can be engineered to provide greater tumor-targeting properties, enhanced immune-modulation effect, and improved safety. Successful applications of engineered bacteria in cancer immunotherapy or as part of the combination therapy are discussed as well as the bacteria based immunotherapy in different cancer types. In the end, we highlight the future directions and potential opportunities of this emerging field.
随着对癌症免疫的深入了解，免疫疗法已成为继手术、放疗和化疗之后有前途的癌症治疗方法。一些细菌作为天然免疫原性物质，可以优先定植和增殖于肿瘤组织内与宿主相互作用发挥抗肿瘤效应。然而，感染相关毒性和不可预测的行为阻碍了进一步的研究。由于基因工程、合成生物学和材料科学的现代进步，修饰细菌以最小化毒性并构建基于细菌的免疫治疗平台已成为近期研究的热点。本文综述了未修饰细菌的固有优势，重点介绍了如何对细菌进行工程改造以提供更大的肿瘤靶向性、增强免疫调节作用和提高安全性。还讨论了工程菌在癌症免疫治疗中的成功应用或作为联合治疗的一部分，以及不同癌症类型的基于细菌的免疫治疗。最后，我们强调了这个新兴领域的未来方向和潜在机遇。
