Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jun 10;13:840069. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840069. eCollection 2022.
The traditional view of the nuclear envelope (NE) was that it represented a relatively inert physical barrier within the cell, whose main purpose was to separate the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm. However, recent research suggests that this is far from the case, with new and important cellular functions being attributed to this organelle. In this review we describe research suggesting an important contribution of the NE and its constituents in regulating the functions of cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. One of the standout properties of immune cells is their ability to migrate around the body, allowing them to carry out their physiological/pathophysiology cellular role at the appropriate location. This together with the physiological role of the tissue, changes in tissue matrix composition due to disease and aging, and the activation status of the immune cell, all result in immune cells being subjected to different mechanical forces. We report research which suggests that the NE may be an important sensor/transducer of these mechanical signals and propose that the NE is an integrator of both mechanical and chemical signals, allowing the cells of the innate immune system to precisely regulate gene transcription and functionality. By presenting this overview we hope to stimulate the interests of researchers into this often-overlooked organelle and propose it should join the ranks of mitochondria and phagosome, which are important organelles contributing to immune cell function.
传统观点认为核膜(NE)是细胞内相对惰性的物理屏障,其主要目的是将核质与细胞质分隔开来。然而,最近的研究表明,事实远非如此,这个细胞器具有新的重要的细胞功能。在这篇综述中,我们描述了研究表明 NE 及其成分在调节固有和适应性免疫系统细胞功能方面的重要贡献。免疫细胞的一个突出特性是它们能够在体内迁移,使它们能够在适当的位置发挥其生理/病理细胞作用。加上组织的生理作用、由于疾病和衰老导致的组织基质组成的变化以及免疫细胞的激活状态,所有这些都导致免疫细胞受到不同的机械力的作用。我们报告了研究表明,NE 可能是这些机械信号的重要传感器/转换器,并提出 NE 是机械和化学信号的整合器,使先天免疫系统的细胞能够精确调节基因转录和功能。通过呈现这个概述,我们希望激发研究人员对这个经常被忽视的细胞器的兴趣,并提出它应该加入线粒体和吞噬体的行列,这两个细胞器对免疫细胞的功能很重要。