坦桑尼亚南部高地感染 HIV 的母亲中纯母乳喂养的实践；评估该实践的流行情况及相关因素，一项分析性横断面调查。
Exclusive breastfeeding practice among HIV infected mothers in the southern highlands of Tanzania; assessing the prevalence and factors associated with the practice, an analytical cross-sectional survey.
机构信息
Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing and Public Health, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 259, Dodoma, Tanzania.
Department of Nursing Management and Education, School of Nursing and Public, Health of University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 259, Dodoma, Tanzania.
出版信息
AIDS Res Ther. 2022 Jun 27;19(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s12981-022-00451-6.
BACKGROUND
There is no other better way to safeguard an infant's health in the first 6 months of life than exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Breast milk is valuable in all aspects of an infant's physical and mental growth as well as immune development. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with EBF practice among HIV-infected mothers in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania.
METHOD
A hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among lactating HIV-infected mothers. A random sampling procedure was used to obtain 372 HIV-infected mothers of infants from 6 to 12 months of age who were still breastfeeding at the time of data collection. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with EBF practice. Statistical package for social science (SPSS volume 20) software was used for data entry and analysis.
RESULTS
The prevalence of EBF practice was 58.1% at 95% Confidence Interval of 52.9% to 63.1%. More than half of the respondents 199 (53.5%) had adequate knowledge while 173(46.5%) had inadequate knowledge about EBF. After adjusting for confounders, factors associated with EBF practice were knowledge about EBF [Adequate knowledge (AOR = 5.11 at 95% CI 3.2-8.17, p < 0.001)], ANC visits [Adequate (AOR = 1.76 at 95% CI 1.09-2.82, p = 0.002)], Income per day [1 0r more USD (AOR = 1.83 at 95% CI 1.14-2.94, p = 0.013)], positive perception of EBF [ positive perception (AOR = 3.51 at 95% CI 2.25-5.47, p < 0.001) and having ever experienced a breast problem AOR = 3.91 at 95% CI 1.89-8.08, p < 0.001.
CONCLUSION
More than half of interviewed mothers with HIV practiced EBF. The EBF practice among HIV lactating mothers was significantly influenced by adequate knowledge of EBF, positive perception toward EBF, adequate ANC visits, and having never experienced breast problems. Strengthening adherence to ANC routine visits, counseling on breastfeeding, and improving mothers' knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding would contribute to the enhancement of EBF practice in this region. An innovative interventional study is recommended to develop more effective strategies to improve EBF knowledge and practice among HIV-infected mothers.
背景
对于生命最初 6 个月的婴儿健康而言，没有比纯母乳喂养（EBF）更好的方法。母乳在婴儿的身体和心理成长以及免疫发育方面都具有价值。本研究旨在评估坦桑尼亚南部高地感染艾滋病毒的母亲中纯母乳喂养实践的流行率和相关因素。
方法
这是一项在感染艾滋病毒的产妇所在医院进行的分析性横断面研究。采用随机抽样程序，在数据收集时获得了 372 名年龄在 6 至 12 个月之间仍在母乳喂养的感染艾滋病毒的婴儿的母亲。使用访谈者管理的结构化问卷进行数据收集。使用双变量和多变量逻辑回归来评估与 EBF 实践相关的因素。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS 第 20 卷）进行数据输入和分析。
结果
EBF 实践的流行率为 58.1%，置信区间为 52.9%至 63.1%。超过一半的受访者 199 人（53.5%）具有足够的知识，而 173 人（46.5%）对 EBF 知识不足。在调整混杂因素后，与 EBF 实践相关的因素包括对 EBF 的知识[足够的知识（AOR=5.11，95%CI 3.2-8.17，p<0.001]、ANC 就诊次数[足够的 ANC 就诊次数（AOR=1.76，95%CI 1.09-2.82，p=0.002]、日收入[1 美元或更多（AOR=1.83，95%CI 1.14-2.94，p=0.013]、对 EBF 的积极看法[积极看法（AOR=3.51，95%CI 2.25-5.47，p<0.001]和曾经经历过乳房问题（AOR=3.91，95%CI 1.89-8.08，p<0.001）。
结论
超过一半接受采访的 HIV 感染母亲实行了 EBF。HIV 哺乳期母亲的 EBF 实践明显受到对 EBF 的充分了解、对 EBF 的积极看法、足够的 ANC 就诊次数以及从未经历过乳房问题的影响。加强对 ANC 常规就诊的依从性、母乳喂养咨询以及提高母亲对纯母乳喂养的知识，将有助于提高该地区的 EBF 实践水平。建议开展创新性的干预研究，制定更有效的策略，提高 HIV 感染母亲对 EBF 的知识和实践。
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