Marta Rafaela Angotti, Nakamura Gisele Emy Kondo, de Matos Aquino Bruno, Bignardi Paulo R
School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Londrina, Brazil.
Vacunas. 2022 Sep-Dec;23:S88-S102. doi: 10.1016/j.vacun.2022.06.003. Epub 2022 Jun 22.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a series of challenges on the scientific community. One of the biggest was the development of safe and effective vaccines in record time, which could be achieved through a global effort. A topic of great discussion has been the technology surrounding these vaccines: ranging from the well-known inactivated virus vaccines to the latest RNA vaccines. As vaccines became available, another point also came into question: their efficacy and effectiveness against the original Wuhan strain and its variants. Among the numerous variants, 5 of them (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and, more recently, Omicron) gained greater prominence due to their epidemiological relevance. In this scenario, with numerous variants and several vaccine options, scientific information can often be mismatched. This review aims to provide an overview of the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of 11 vaccines in use or under development against the original Wuhan strain and the variants of concern identified by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Simultaneously, we aim to explore possible scenarios that can be expected shortly regarding new variants and vaccines. Overall, COVID-19 vaccines have satisfactory efficacy and loss of effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially the Omicron strain.
持续的新冠疫情给科学界带来了一系列挑战。其中最大的挑战之一是在创纪录的时间内研发出安全有效的疫苗，这需要全球共同努力才能实现。围绕这些疫苗的技术一直是一个备受讨论的话题：从广为人知的灭活病毒疫苗到最新的RNA疫苗。随着疫苗的问世，另一个问题也受到质疑：它们对原始武汉毒株及其变体的效力和有效性。在众多变体中，有5种（阿尔法、贝塔、伽马、德尔塔以及最近的奥密克戎）因其流行病学相关性而备受关注。在这种情况下，面对众多变体和多种疫苗选择，科学信息往往可能不匹配。本综述旨在概述11种正在使用或正在研发的疫苗针对原始武汉毒株以及世界卫生组织（WHO）确定的关注变体的效力、有效性和安全性。同时，我们旨在探讨短期内关于新变体和疫苗可能出现的情况。总体而言，新冠疫苗对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）变体，尤其是奥密克戎毒株，具有令人满意的效力且有效性有所降低。
