Division of Structural Medicine and Anatomy, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
JST, PRESTO, Saitama, Japan.
Elife. 2022 Jun 28;11:e77365. doi: 10.7554/eLife.77365.
Microtubules are dynamic polymers consisting of αβ-tubulin heterodimers. The initial polymerization process, called microtubule nucleation, occurs spontaneously via αβ-tubulin. Since a large energy barrier prevents microtubule nucleation in cells, the γ-tubulin ring complex is recruited to the centrosome to overcome the nucleation barrier. However, a considerable number of microtubules can polymerize independently of the centrosome in various cell types. Here, we present evidence that the minus-end-binding calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated protein 2 (CAMSAP2) serves as a strong nucleator for microtubule formation by significantly reducing the nucleation barrier. CAMSAP2 co-condensates with αβ-tubulin via a phase separation process, producing plenty of nucleation intermediates. Microtubules then radiate from the co-condensates, resulting in aster-like structure formation. CAMSAP2 localizes at the co-condensates and decorates the radiating microtubule lattices to some extent. Taken together, these in vitro findings suggest that CAMSAP2 supports microtubule nucleation and growth by organizing a nucleation centre as well as by stabilizing microtubule intermediates and growing microtubules.
微管是由αβ-微管蛋白异二聚体组成的动态聚合物。最初的聚合过程,称为微管成核,通过αβ-微管蛋白自发发生。由于大的能量障碍阻止了细胞中的微管成核,因此 γ-微管蛋白环复合物被招募到中心体以克服成核障碍。然而,在各种细胞类型中,相当数量的微管可以独立于中心体聚合。在这里,我们提供的证据表明,负端结合钙调蛋白调节的血影蛋白相关蛋白 2(CAMSAP2)通过显著降低成核势垒,作为微管形成的强成核剂。CAMSAP2 通过相分离过程与αβ-微管共凝聚,产生大量成核中间产物。然后微管从共凝聚物中辐射出来,形成星状结构。CAMSAP2 在共凝聚物中定位,并在一定程度上装饰辐射状的微管晶格。总之,这些体外发现表明,CAMSAP2 通过组织成核中心以及稳定微管中间产物和生长微管来支持微管的成核和生长。
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