Vibriocidal antibody and antibodies to Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide, cell-bound haemagglutinin and toxin in Thai population.

Vibriocidal antibody and antibodies to Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide (anti-LPS), cell-bound haemagglutinin (anti-CHA) and toxin (anti-CT) were determined in Thai individuals of various age groups who lived in areas with high (H) and low (L) cholera endemicity. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect levels of class specific anti-LPS, anti-CHA and anti-CT. It was found that Thai individuals acquired the vibriocidal antibody early in life. Fifty percent of individuals aged 5 to 15 years old had detectable titre while more than 80% of adults had titres ranged from 1:5 to 1:125 or higher. Thai adults who lived in area with high cholera endemicity had significantly higher vibriocidal antibody levels than their counterparts who lived in area with low cholera endemicity. Lipopolysaccharide was not the only antigen responsible for stimulating the vibriocidal antibody production. Adult levels of all classes of anti-CHA from L were higher than those of H while the anti-LPS in the forms of total immunoglobulins, IgG and IgA were similar but IgM of L was higher than that of H. The levels of all classes of anti-CT from H seemed to increase with age except at the school age (5 years to 15 years old) when there were marked decreases of all antibody classes. Total immunoglobulin and IgM anti-CT at adult age of H and L were not different, although IgG anti-CT of L was higher than that of H and IgA anti-CT of H was higher than that of L.