Department of Sports Medicine, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, NORWAY.
Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, NORWAY.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2022 Nov 1;54(11):1869-1878. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002972. Epub 2022 Jun 24.
This study aimed to examine the 12-month prevalence and 12-month prospective change in reported sexual harassment and abuse (SHA) victimization among young elite athletes, recreational athletes, and reference students in three different social settings and to identify the perpetrators.
In total, 919 adolescents responded to an online questionnaire in 12th grade (T1) and 13th grade (T2). The sample consisted of elite athletes ( n = 482) and recreational athletes ( n = 233) attending Norwegian elite sport high schools ( n = 26), and reference students ( n = 200) attending ordinary high schools with no sport specialization ( n = 6). Data were analyzed using independent-sample t -test, Pearson χ 2 for independence/Fisher's exact test, McNemar test, and logistic regression analysis.
The total 12-month prevalence of SHA was 38.6% at T1 and 35.1% at T2. Most of the participants (74.6%-85.0%) reported no change in SHA from T1 to T2. The prevalence of SHA was higher for girls compared with boys, and elite athletes reported less SHA than recreational athletes and reference students, respectively. SHA occurred most often in a free time setting. Verbal sexual harassment, nonverbal sexual harassment, and physical SHA were reported by 24.6%, 27.0%, and 14.0%, respectively. Peers were reported as perpetrators by 83.1%, trainer/teacher/health personnel by 20.1%, and "other" perpetrators by 56.4%.
Because one in three elite athletes and nearly one in two recreational athletes and reference students, respectively, reported SHA victimization within a 12-month period, well-targeted preventive measures are needed for both young athletes and nonathletes.
本研究旨在调查三种不同社会环境下的青年精英运动员、娱乐运动员和参照学生报告的性骚扰和虐待（SHA）受害的 12 个月患病率和 12 个月前瞻性变化，并确定施害者。
共有 919 名青少年在 12 年级（T1）和 13 年级（T2）时回答了在线问卷。样本包括挪威精英运动高中的精英运动员（n=482）和娱乐运动员（n=233）（n=26），以及没有体育专业的普通高中的参照学生（n=200）（n=6）。使用独立样本 t 检验、Pearson χ2 独立性/Fisher 确切检验、McNemar 检验和逻辑回归分析对数据进行分析。
T1 时 SHA 的总 12 个月患病率为 38.6%，T2 时为 35.1%。大多数参与者（74.6%-85.0%）报告从 T1 到 T2 时 SHA 没有变化。与男孩相比，女孩的 SHA 患病率更高，精英运动员报告的 SHA 少于娱乐运动员和参照学生。SHA 最常发生在自由时间环境中。言语性骚扰、非言语性骚扰和身体性骚扰的报告率分别为 24.6%、27.0%和 14.0%。83.1%的人报告施害者是同龄人，20.1%的人报告施害者是教练/教师/医务人员，56.4%的人报告是“其他”施害者。
由于三分之一的精英运动员和近二分之一的娱乐运动员和参照学生分别在 12 个月内报告了 SHA 受害，因此需要针对年轻运动员和非运动员制定有针对性的预防措施。
