Bermon Stéphane, Adami Paolo Emilio, Dahlström Örjan, Fagher Kristina, Hautala Janna, Ek Anna, Anderson Christer, Jacobsson Jenny, Svedin Carl Göran, Timpka Toomas
World Athletics, Health and Science Department, Monaco, Monaco.
Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
Front Sports Act Living. 2021 May 31;3:657624. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2021.657624. eCollection 2021.
To examine prevalence of verbal, physical, and sexual abuses in young elite athletes, a cross sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted during the World Athletics under 20 World Championships. This questionnaire aimed at distinguishing between abuses perpetrated in the context of Athletics from those which were unrelated to Athletics. Four hundred and eighty athletes (52.3%, male) from North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Oceania took part in the electronic anonymous survey. Outside Athletics setting, no gender difference was found for the prevalence of verbal, physical, and sexual abuses. However, 45 males (18% of the male population) and 34 females (15% of the female population) athletes reported sexual abuse. Asian athletes reported a slightly higher rate of sexual abuse; three quarters of them being non-touching abuses. Inside Athletics setting, no gender difference was found for the prevalence of verbal, physical, and non-touching sexual abuses. However, 58 males (23%) and 47 females (21%) reported verbal abuses. Thirty-one males (12%) and 20 females (9%) reported physical abuses, whereas 30 males (12%) and 17 females (7%) reported sexual abuses. Physical abuses were slightly more frequent in Asia and in Africa and less frequent in South America. Sexual abuses inside Athletics also differed over regions, and were unexpectedly twice more frequent than expected in Asia and slightly less frequent than expected in Europe. Friends and partners were identified as the more frequent (>50%) abusers outside or inside the Athletics settings, whereas outside Athletics and inside Athletics, coaches were identified as sexual abuse perpetrators in 8 and 25% of cases, respectively. The prevalence of verbal, physical, or sexual abuses is high but consistent with what has been reported in United Kingdom, Norway, Canada, and Sweden at national level in recreational or elite athletes. Sexual abuse, including touching or penetrative abuses, occurred significantly more often in male athletes when compared to female athletes. This finding invites healthcare and social workers, and policymakers to also consider the risk of sexual abuse of young male athletes in Athletics. These results also call for longitudinal studies on young elite athletes.
为了调查年轻优秀运动员遭受言语、身体和性虐待的情况，在世界田径20岁以下世界锦标赛期间进行了一项基于问卷调查的横断面调查。该问卷旨在区分在田径运动背景下发生的虐待与与田径运动无关的虐待。来自北美、南美、欧洲、非洲、亚洲和大洋洲的480名运动员（52.3%为男性）参与了电子匿名调查。在非田径运动环境中，言语、身体和性虐待的发生率没有性别差异。然而，有45名男性（占男性运动员总数的18%）和34名女性（占女性运动员总数的15%）报告遭受了性虐待。亚洲运动员报告的性虐待发生率略高；其中四分之三为非接触性虐待。在田径运动环境中，言语、身体和非接触性虐待的发生率没有性别差异。然而，有58名男性（23%）和47名女性（21%）报告遭受了言语虐待。31名男性（12%）和20名女性（9%）报告遭受了身体虐待，而30名男性（12%）和17名女性（7%）报告遭受了性虐待。身体虐待在亚洲和非洲略为常见，在南美则较少见。田径运动环境中的性虐待在不同地区也存在差异，在亚洲出乎意料地比预期高出两倍，在欧洲则略低于预期。朋友和伴侣被确定为在田径运动环境内外最常见（>50%）的施虐者，而在田径运动环境外和田径运动环境内，教练分别被确定为8%和25%的性虐待实施者。言语、身体或性虐待的发生率很高，但与英国、挪威、加拿大和瑞典在国家层面报道的娱乐或优秀运动员的情况一致。与女性运动员相比，男性运动员遭受性虐待（包括触摸或侵入性虐待）的情况明显更多。这一发现促使医疗保健和社会工作者以及政策制定者也考虑年轻男性田径运动员遭受性虐待的风险。这些结果还呼吁对年轻优秀运动员进行纵向研究。
