Eunice Amador Rosa Mariel, Lozano Bustillo Alejandra, Espinoza Salvadó Iván, Sierra Manuel, Rivera Belinda
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH).
Ophthalmology Specialist in San Felipe General Hospital.
J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2022 Apr 29;17(2):225-232. doi: 10.18502/jovr.v17i2.10794. eCollection 2022 Apr-Jun.
To describe the prevalence and causes of avoidable blindness in people aged 50 and over in the areas of influence of doctors in social service during the years 2018-2019.
This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, with analysis of association of variables, was conducted on patients 50 years and older at the national level, selected under simple random sampling, where sociodemographic variables, background, and clinical characteristics were studied. An ophthalmological clinical examination was performed with prior informed consent, and the information was processed and analyzed using Epi Info 7.2 statistical package and SPSS version 25.
Overall, 7992 people were evaluated, with a mean age of 62 years; 60.8% (4861) were women and 39.2% (3131) were men. The prevalence of blindness for both eyes was 4.5% (356/7992, 95% CI: 4.1-5.1%, 0.001). The prevalence of severe and moderate visual impairment was 1.5% (118/127) and 12.9% (1029)/12.6% (1004) for the right and left eyes, respectively. The main causes of blindness were cataract, refractive error, and glaucoma.
The prevalence of avoidable blindness found in the study was higher than expected and the respective causes were consistent with previous studies. Consequently, it is recommended to implement health policies aimed at the prevention and management of avoidable blindness.
描述2018 - 2019年社会服务领域医生影响区域内50岁及以上人群可避免失明的患病率及原因。
本研究为观察性、描述性横断面研究，并对变量进行关联分析，在全国范围内对50岁及以上患者进行简单随机抽样选取，研究社会人口统计学变量、背景和临床特征。在获得事先知情同意后进行眼科临床检查，并使用Epi Info 7.2统计软件包和SPSS 25版对信息进行处理和分析。
总体而言，共评估了7992人，平均年龄为62岁；女性占60.8%（4861人），男性占39.2%（3131人）。双眼失明患病率为4.5%（356/7992，95%置信区间：4.1 - 5.1%，P<0.001）。右眼和左眼的重度和中度视力损害患病率分别为1.5%（118/127）和12.9%（1029）/12.6%（1004）。失明的主要原因是白内障、屈光不正和青光眼。
本研究中发现的可避免失明患病率高于预期，其各自原因与先前研究一致。因此，建议实施旨在预防和管理可避免失明的卫生政策。
