Department of Animal Production, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box, Kangemi, 29053- 00625, Kenya.
Inter-State School of Veterinary Sciences and Medicine (EISMV), BP 5077, Dakar, Senegal.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2022 Jun 29;54(4):221. doi: 10.1007/s11250-022-03201-y.
Smallholder dairy production in Senegal is important to both livelihoods and food and nutrition security. Here, we examine the economic performance of smallholder dairy cattle enterprises in Senegal, using data from longitudinal monitoring of 113 households. The mean (and standard deviation) of the net returns (NR) per cow per annum (pcpa) was 21.7 (202.9) USD, whilst the NR per household herd per annum (phpa) was 106.1 (1740.3) USD. Only about half (52.2%) of the dairy cattle enterprise had a positive NR. The most significant income components were milk sale followed by animal sale, whilst the most significant cost components were animal feed followed by animal purchase. When households were grouped by ranking on NR, an interesting trend was observed: whilst the mean NR showed a fairly linear increase from the lowest to highest NR groups, income and cost did not. Income and costs were both higher for the lowest and highest NR groups, in comparison to the intermediate NR groups. The mean NRs of households grouped by the main breed type they kept were not significantly different from each other, due to large variances within the breed groups. However, the mean total income and costs were significantly higher for households mainly keeping improved dairy breeds (Bos taurus or Zebu × Bos taurus crosses) in comparison to those keeping indigenous Zebu or Zebu by Guzerat crosses. This study highlights the highly variable (and often low) profitability of smallholder dairy cattle enterprise in Senegal. Further actions to address this are strongly recommended.
塞内加尔的小农户奶牛养殖对生计和粮食及营养安全都很重要。在这里，我们利用对 113 户家庭进行的纵向监测数据，研究了塞内加尔小农户奶牛养殖企业的经济绩效。每头牛每年的净利润（NR）平均值（和标准差）为 21.7（202.9）美元，而每个家庭牛群每年的净利润（NR）平均值（和标准差）为 106.1（1740.3）美元。只有大约一半（52.2%）的奶牛养殖企业有正的净利润。最重要的收入来源是牛奶销售，其次是动物销售，而最重要的成本来源是动物饲料，其次是动物购买。当按净利润排名将家庭分组时，观察到一个有趣的趋势：尽管净利润平均值从最低到最高净利润组呈相当线性增长，但收入和成本并非如此。与中间净利润组相比，最低和最高净利润组的收入和成本都更高。按主要饲养品种分组的家庭的净利润平均值彼此之间没有显著差异，因为品种组内的差异很大。然而，主要饲养改良奶牛品种（牛或瘤牛×牛杂交）的家庭的平均总收入和总成本明显高于饲养本地瘤牛或古吉拉特瘤牛杂交的家庭。本研究强调了塞内加尔小农户奶牛养殖企业盈利能力的高度可变性（且通常较低）。强烈建议采取进一步行动来解决这个问题。
