Section on Light and Circadian Rhythms, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Photoreceptor Physiology Group, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Cell Rep. 2022 Jun 28;39(13):111003. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111003.
Image- and non-image-forming vision are essential for animal behavior. Here we use genetically modified mouse lines to examine retinal circuits driving image- and non-image-functions. We describe the outer retinal circuits underlying the pupillary light response (PLR) and circadian photoentrainment, two non-image-forming behaviors. Rods and cones signal light increments and decrements through the ON and OFF pathways, respectively. We find that the OFF pathway drives image-forming vision but cannot drive circadian photoentrainment or the PLR. Cone light responses drive image formation but fail to drive the PLR. At photopic levels, rods use the primary and secondary rod pathways to drive the PLR, whereas at the scotopic and mesopic levels, rods use the primary pathway to drive the PLR, and the secondary pathway is insufficient. Circuit dynamics allow rod ON pathways to drive two non-image-forming behaviors across a wide range of light intensities, whereas the OFF pathway is potentially restricted to image formation.
视觉成像和非视觉成像是动物行为的基础。在这里，我们使用基因修饰的小鼠品系来研究驱动视觉成像和非视觉功能的视网膜回路。我们描述了瞳孔光反射（PLR）和昼夜光适应这两种非视觉行为的基础外视网膜回路。视杆细胞和视锥细胞通过 ON 和 OFF 通路分别传递光的增加和减少信号。我们发现，OFF 通路驱动视觉成像，但不能驱动昼夜光适应或 PLR。视锥细胞光反应驱动视觉形成，但不能驱动 PLR。在亮光水平下，视杆细胞利用初级和次级视杆通路驱动 PLR，而在暗光和中光水平下，视杆细胞利用初级通路驱动 PLR，而次级通路则不足。回路动力学允许视杆细胞 ON 通路在广泛的光强度范围内驱动两种非视觉行为，而 OFF 通路则可能仅限于视觉形成。
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