Jedrzejak Anna P, Urbaniak Edyta K, Wasko Jadwiga A, Ziojla Natalia, Borowiak Malgorzata
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Jun 13;10:913305. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.913305. eCollection 2022.
SARS-CoV-2, a newly emerged virus described for the first time in late 2019, affects multiple organs in humans, including the pancreas. Here, we present the bilateral link between the pathophysiology of diabetes and COVID-19, with diabetes being COVID-19 comorbidity, and a complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Analysis of clinical data indicates that patients with chronic conditions like diabetes are at increased risk of severe COVID-19, hospitalization, ICU admission, and death compared to the healthy subjects. Further, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection might be also associated with the development of new-onset diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis. We then discuss the options for studying SARS-CoV-2 infection in pancreatic settings, including the use of human pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic organoids. Further, we review the presence of SARS-CoV-2 receptors in different pancreatic cell types and the infection efficiency based on pancreatic sections from COVID-19 patients and primary human islet studies. Finally, we discuss the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on human pancreatic cell homeostasis, focusing on β-cells.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）是一种于2019年末首次被描述的新出现病毒，可影响人体多个器官，包括胰腺。在此，我们阐述了糖尿病病理生理学与新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）之间的双向联系，糖尿病是COVID-19的合并症，也是SARS-CoV-2感染的一种并发症。临床数据分析表明，与健康受试者相比，患有糖尿病等慢性病的患者发生重症COVID-19、住院、入住重症监护病房（ICU）及死亡的风险更高。此外，我们表明SARS-CoV-2感染可能还与新发糖尿病和糖尿病酮症酸中毒的发生有关。接着，我们讨论了在胰腺环境中研究SARS-CoV-2感染的方法，包括使用人多能干细胞衍生的胰腺类器官。此外，我们基于COVID-19患者的胰腺切片和原代人胰岛研究，综述了SARS-CoV-2受体在不同胰腺细胞类型中的存在情况及感染效率。最后，我们讨论SARS-CoV-2感染对人胰腺细胞内环境稳定的影响，重点关注β细胞。
