J Gerontol Nurs. 2022 Jul;48(7):18-23. doi: 10.3928/00989134-20220606-03. Epub 2022 Jul 1.
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are a worldwide problem. Estimates indicate approximately 96% of persons with dementia (PWD) exhibit BPSD that are directly associated with long-term care (LTC) placement and approximately one half of these persons experience symptoms classified as severe. BPSD are associated with lost days of work, high turnover, and poor job satisfaction for direct caregivers. Nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) are effective for management of BPSD when used properly. NPIs are more likely to be used by direct caregivers who are knowledgeable about and have confidence in BPSD effectiveness. Various training techniques promote development of this self-efficacy. The current systematic review synthesizes evidence concerning the use of NPIs for management of BPSD by direct caregivers in LTC settings. Gaps in the literature include evaluation of positive impact of NPIs on PWD and behavior precedent factors. This review emphasizes the need for development and provision of quality NPI education for direct caregivers in LTC settings. [(7), 18-23.].
痴呆的行为和心理症状（BPSD）是一个全球性的问题。据估计，大约 96%的痴呆症患者（PWD）表现出与长期护理（LTC）安置直接相关的 BPSD，其中约有一半患者出现被归类为严重的症状。BPSD 与直接护理人员失去工作天数、高离职率和工作满意度低有关。当正确使用时，非药物干预（NPIs）对 BPSD 的管理是有效的。直接护理人员对 BPSD 的有效性有了解和信心时，更有可能使用 NPIs。各种培训技术可促进这种自我效能的发展。目前的系统评价综合了关于直接护理人员在长期护理环境中使用 NPIs 管理 BPSD 的证据。文献中的空白包括评估 NPIs 对 PWD 和行为前因因素的积极影响。本次审查强调需要为长期护理环境中的直接护理人员提供和提供高质量的 NPI 教育。[（7），18-23]。
