Garzarelli Valeria, Ferrara Francesco, Primiceri Elisabetta, Chiriacò Maria Serena
University of Salento, Dept. of Mathematics & Physics E. de Giorgi, Via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
MethodsX. 2022 Jun 17;9:101759. doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101759. eCollection 2022.
The Liquid Biopsy (LB) is an opportunity for non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases. To date, it isn't possible to consider that tissue biopsy can represent a pathology entirety. Then, body fluids are rich in a large number and variety of biomarkers and they can provide information about several diseases.•Recently, other biological fluids, easy to be collected are rising for their significant content of biomarkers and for the possibility to collect and manipulate them without the intervention of medical staff.•The management of biological fluids requires suitable storage methods. Temperature, storage time and physical stresses due to sample handling can lead to chemical and physical changes that may induce sample degradation and incorrect analysis.•The reliability of a diagnostic or screening test depends on its sensitivity and specificity. As the liquid biopsy is a 'snapshot' of a pathophysiological condition, it is crucial that its components do not degrade due to the improper handling of the body fluid.In this review, some handling methods of Saliva, Urine, Stool, Seminal Fluid, Tears and Sweat samples will be described, as well as protocols to facilitate the analysis of metabolites, nucleic acids, proteins and Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) from those unusual body fluids.
液体活检（LB）为各种疾病的非侵入性诊断和预后评估提供了契机。迄今为止，组织活检尚无法全面反映病理情况。而体液中富含大量且种类繁多的生物标志物，能够提供多种疾病的相关信息。
• 近来，其他易于采集的生物体液因其丰富的生物标志物含量以及无需医护人员干预即可进行采集和处理的可能性而受到关注。
• 生物体液的处理需要合适的储存方法。温度、储存时间以及样本处理过程中的物理压力都可能导致化学和物理变化，进而引起样本降解和分析结果不准确。
• 诊断或筛查测试的可靠性取决于其灵敏度和特异性。由于液体活检是病理生理状况的一个“快照”，因此至关重要的是，其组成成分不会因体液处理不当而降解。
在本综述中，将描述唾液、尿液、粪便、精液、眼泪和汗液样本的一些处理方法，以及有助于分析来自这些特殊体液的代谢物、核酸、蛋白质和细胞外囊泡（EV）的方案。
