Meyer Ana-Claire, Njamnshi Alfred Kongnyu, Gisslen Magnus, Price Richard W
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Front Neurol. 2022 Jun 14;13:843801. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.843801. eCollection 2022.
This short review provides an overview of the interactions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV), immune and inflammatory reactions, and CNS injury over the course of infection. Systemic infection is the overall driver of disease and serves as the "platform" for eventual CNS injury, setting the level of immune dysfunction and providing both the HIV seeding and immune-inflammatory responses to the CNS. These systemic processes determine the timing of and vulnerability to HIV-related neuronal injury which occurs in a separate "compartment" with features that parallel their systemic counterparts but also evolve independently. Direct CNS HIV infection, along with opportunistic infections, can have profound neurological consequences for the infected individual. HIV-related CNS morbidities are of worldwide importance but are enhanced by the particular epidemiological, socioeconomic and environmental factors that heighten the impact of HIV infection in Africa.
本简短综述概述了1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、免疫和炎症反应以及感染过程中中枢神经系统损伤之间的相互作用。全身感染是疾病的总体驱动因素，是最终中枢神经系统损伤的“平台”，它决定了免疫功能障碍的程度，并为中枢神经系统提供HIV接种源以及免疫炎症反应。这些全身过程决定了与HIV相关的神经元损伤的发生时间和易感性，这种损伤发生在一个独立的“隔室”中，其特征与全身对应部分相似，但也独立发展。中枢神经系统直接感染HIV，以及机会性感染，会给感染者带来严重的神经后果。与HIV相关的中枢神经系统疾病在全球范围内都很重要，但在非洲，由于特定的流行病学、社会经济和环境因素加剧了HIV感染的影响，这些疾病的情况更为严重。
