Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 Jun;26(12):4177-4287. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202206_29054.
The influence of environmental conditions, such as temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine and cloud cover on marathon running has been widely investigated. However, the influence of such conditions on the pacing of elite marathoners has not been considered yet. The present study aimed to investigate whether environmental conditions are related to the running speed and pacing of the fastest marathoners competing in the fastest racecourse in the world, the 'Berlin Marathon'.
A total of 668,735 finishers (520,715 men and 148,020 women) competing between 1999 and 2019 in the 'Berlin Marathon' were analyzed by comparing elite and recreational runners. The associations between time-adjusted averages of the environmental conditions, the race times and running speeds were investigated. The runners were divided into performance groups consisting of recreational (all runners) and elite runners (the top 100, the top 10 and the top 3) which were separately analyzed for male and female participants.
During race days, the temperature increased while humidity decreased showing a strong negative correlation between the two variables. For all runners, the average running speed through the race showed a strong negative correlation with temperature and a strong positive correlation with the level of humidity. Faster runners experienced lower temperatures and higher humidity levels than slower runners. When the performance groups were analyzed, temperature and humidity remained correlated to a similar extent for the top 100 but dropped dramatically for the top 10 and top 3, suggesting a weaker influence. In addition, barometric pressure showed a positive correlation with running speed in the top 100 and top 3 groups.
Temperatures increased during race days while humidity decreased and both variables were negatively and significantly correlated. Faster runners experienced lower temperatures and higher humidity levels, while slower runners experienced higher temperatures and lower humidity levels which had a stronger negative impact on running speeds. Running speed was also significantly and positively correlated with barometric pressure in elite runners.
环境条件（如温度、气压、湿度、降水、日照和云量）对马拉松跑步的影响已得到广泛研究。然而，这些条件对精英马拉松运动员配速的影响尚未被考虑。本研究旨在调查环境条件是否与在世界上最快的赛道——“柏林马拉松”上比赛的最快马拉松运动员的跑步速度和配速有关。
通过比较精英跑者和休闲跑者，分析了 1999 年至 2019 年期间在“柏林马拉松”上参赛的共 668735 名完赛者（520715 名男性和 148020 名女性）。通过比较，研究了环境条件的时间调整平均值与比赛时间和跑步速度之间的关联。将跑步者分为休闲跑者（所有跑步者）和精英跑者（前 100 名、前 10 名和前 3 名）两组，分别分析男性和女性参与者的比赛成绩。
在比赛日期间，温度升高，湿度降低，两者呈强负相关。对于所有跑步者，比赛期间的平均跑步速度与温度呈强负相关，与湿度呈强正相关。速度较快的跑步者经历的温度较低，湿度较高。当对表现组进行分析时，温度和湿度对前 100 名的相关性仍然相似，但对前 10 名和前 3 名的相关性急剧下降，表明影响较弱。此外，气压在前 100 名和前 3 名组中与跑步速度呈正相关。
比赛日期间，温度升高，湿度降低，两者呈负相关。速度较快的跑步者经历的温度较低，湿度较高，而速度较慢的跑步者经历的温度较高，湿度较低，这对跑步速度有更强的负面影响。在精英跑者中，跑步速度与气压也呈显著正相关。
