Knechtle Beat, McGrath Carlyn, Goncerz Olivia, Villiger Elias, Nikolaidis Pantelis Theodoros, Marcin Thimo, Sousa Caio Victor
Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Front Physiol. 2021 May 17;12:665761. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.665761. eCollection 2021.
This study investigated the influence of weather conditions on running performance in female and male age group runners in the largest marathon in the world, the "New York City Marathon." The analysis included data from 1,280,557 finishers the "New York City Marathon" from the years 1970 to 2019. Linear mixed models for men and women finishers with race time (min) as dependent variable and 5-year age groups, temperature, wind and relative humidity tertiles (low, medium, high) as independent factors and finisher as random intercept was performed. Additional models with an interaction between age groups and one weather variable each were performed. Temperature was positively associated with race time while wind speed and humidity were negatively associated ( < 0.001). Men were significantly greater affected wind speed and humidity than women ( < 0.001 for interaction) but not by temperature ( = 0.17 for interaction). With an average of 8 min longer race time, high temperature had the greatest effect on race time. The effect of high humidity on race time was significantly increased in 40-59 years old men and 25-65 years old women. High temperatures had an increased effect on race time in 30-64 years old men and 40-64 years old women. The inverse association between race time and high wind speed was pronounced in finishers with younger age. Performance was lower on days with high temperature, low humidity and low wind speed. Men seemed to benefit more from higher humidity and wind speed than women. Aged (70 +) finishers were not greater affected by high temperatures.
本研究调查了天气状况对世界最大规模马拉松赛事“纽约市马拉松”中男女各年龄组跑步者成绩的影响。分析纳入了1970年至2019年“纽约市马拉松”1,280,557名完赛者的数据。以完赛时间（分钟）为因变量，5岁年龄组、温度、风速和相对湿度三分位数（低、中、高）为自变量，并将完赛者作为随机截距，对男女完赛者进行了线性混合模型分析。还进行了年龄组与各一个天气变量之间存在交互作用的额外模型分析。温度与完赛时间呈正相关，而风速和湿度与完赛时间呈负相关（<0.001）。男性受风速和湿度的影响显著大于女性（交互作用<0.001），但不受温度影响（交互作用=0.17）。高温使完赛时间平均延长8分钟，对完赛时间影响最大。高湿度对完赛时间的影响在40 - 59岁男性和25 - 65岁女性中显著增加。高温对30 - 64岁男性和40 - 64岁女性的完赛时间影响增加。完赛时间与高风速之间的负相关在年龄较小的完赛者中更为明显。在高温、低湿度和低风速的日子里成绩较低。男性似乎比女性更能从较高的湿度和风速中受益。70岁及以上的完赛者受高温影响较小。
