Mukherjee P, Roy S, Ghosh D, Nandi S K
Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Mohanpur, Nadia, India.
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India.
Lab Anim Res. 2022 Jul 1;38(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s42826-022-00128-1.
The animal model deals with the species other than the human, as it can imitate the disease progression, its' diagnosis as well as a treatment similar to human. Discovery of a drug and/or component, equipment, their toxicological studies, dose, side effects are in vivo studied for future use in humans considering its' ethical issues. Here lies the importance of the animal model for its enormous use in biomedical research. Animal models have many facets that mimic various disease conditions in humans like systemic autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, Atherosclerosis, diabetes, etc., and many more. Besides, the model has tremendous importance in drug development, development of medical devices, tissue engineering, wound healing, and bone and cartilage regeneration studies, as a model in vascular surgeries as well as the model for vertebral disc regeneration surgery. Though, all the models have some advantages as well as challenges, but, present review has emphasized the importance of various small and large animal models in pharmaceutical drug development, transgenic animal models, models for medical device developments, studies for various human diseases, bone and cartilage regeneration model, diabetic and burn wound model as well as surgical models like vascular surgeries and surgeries for intervertebral disc degeneration considering all the ethical issues of that specific animal model. Despite, the process of using the animal model has facilitated researchers to carry out the researches that would have been impossible to accomplish in human considering the ethical prohibitions.
动物模型研究的是人类以外的物种，因为它可以模拟疾病进展、诊断以及与人类相似的治疗方法。考虑到伦理问题，在发现药物和/或成分、设备及其毒理学研究、剂量、副作用时，会在体内进行研究，以供未来用于人类。这就是动物模型在生物医学研究中大量应用的重要性所在。动物模型有许多方面可以模拟人类的各种疾病状况，如系统性自身免疫性疾病、类风湿性关节炎、癫痫、阿尔茨海默病、心血管疾病、动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病等，还有更多。此外，该模型在药物开发、医疗设备开发、组织工程、伤口愈合以及骨和软骨再生研究中具有巨大重要性，可作为血管手术的模型以及椎间盘再生手术的模型。尽管所有模型都有一些优点和挑战，但本综述强调了各种大小动物模型在药物研发、转基因动物模型、医疗设备开发模型、各种人类疾病研究、骨和软骨再生模型、糖尿病和烧伤伤口模型以及血管手术和椎间盘退变手术等手术模型中的重要性，同时考虑了特定动物模型的所有伦理问题。尽管如此，使用动物模型的过程便利了研究人员开展那些考虑到伦理禁令在人类身上无法完成的研究。
