Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology and Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
IGERT Graduate Program in Videobioinformatics and Cell, Molecular Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2022 Nov 12;24(12):1921-1926. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntac144.
Tobacco smoking has been implicated in an array of adverse health outcomes, including those that affect adult bone. However, little is known about the impact of tobacco products on developing bone tissue as it develops in the embryo.
Here, human embryonic stem cells were differentiated into osteoblasts in vitro and concomitantly exposed to various concentrations of smoke solutions from two conventional, one additive-free and two harm-reduction brands of cigarettes. Differentiation inhibition was determined by calcium assays that quantified matrix mineralization and compared to the cytotoxicity of the tobacco product.
Exposure to mainstream smoke from conventional and additive-free cigarettes caused no inhibition of cell viability or mineralization, while sidestream smoke (SS) concentration-dependently produced cell death. In contrast, mineralization was inhibited only by the highest mainstream concentration of harm-reduction smoke solution. Additionally, sidestream smoke solution from the harm-reduction cigarettes impeded calcification at concentrations lower than those determined to be cytotoxic for conventional products.
Sidestream smoke impaired in vitro osteogenesis at subtoxic concentrations. In addition, though often perceived as safer, smoke from harm-reduction cigarettes was more potent in inhibiting in vitro osteogenesis than smoke from conventional cigarettes.
This study adds to a growing list of adverse outcomes associated with pre-natal tobacco exposure. Specifically, in vitro exposure to tobacco products interfered with osteogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells, a well-established surrogate model for human embryonic bone development. Contrasting a diverse array of tobacco products unveiled that sidestream smoke was generally more developmentally osteotoxic than mainstream smoke and that harm-reduction products may not be less harmful than conventional products, adverse effects that were seemingly independent of nicotine.
吸烟与一系列不良健康后果有关，包括影响成人骨骼的后果。然而，人们对烟草产品对胚胎中发育的骨骼组织的影响知之甚少。
在这里，人类胚胎干细胞在体外分化为成骨细胞，并同时暴露于两种传统香烟、一种无添加剂香烟和两种减害品牌香烟的烟雾溶液的各种浓度下。通过钙测定法确定分化抑制作用，该方法定量测定基质矿化，并与烟草产品的细胞毒性进行比较。
暴露于传统香烟和无添加剂香烟的主流烟雾不会抑制细胞活力或矿化，而侧流烟雾（SS）则呈浓度依赖性地导致细胞死亡。相比之下，仅最高浓度的减害烟雾主流溶液才抑制矿化。此外，减害香烟的侧流烟雾溶液在低于确定对传统产品具有细胞毒性的浓度时，就会阻碍钙化。
侧流烟雾在亚毒性浓度下损害体外成骨作用。此外，尽管减害香烟通常被认为更安全，但与传统香烟相比，减害香烟烟雾在抑制体外成骨作用方面更为有效。
这项研究增加了与产前烟草暴露相关的一系列不良后果。具体来说，体外暴露于烟草产品会干扰人类胚胎干细胞的成骨分化，这是一种成熟的人类胚胎骨骼发育替代模型。对比各种不同的烟草产品揭示，侧流烟雾通常比主流烟雾对发育更具骨毒性，而减害产品可能并不比传统产品危害更小，这些不良影响似乎与尼古丁无关。
