School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Aug;139:104756. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104756. Epub 2022 Jun 30.
Some previous research has shown stronger acquisition and impaired extinction of fear conditioned to angry or fearful compared to happy or neutral face conditional stimuli (CS) - a difference attributed to biological 'preparedness'. A systematic review and meta-analysis of fear conditioning studies comparing face CSs of differing expressions identified thirty studies, eighteen of which were eligible for meta-analysis. Skin conductance responses were larger to angry or fearful faces compared to happy or neutral faces during habituation, acquisition and extinction. Significant differences in differential conditioning between angry, fearful, neutral, and happy face CSs were also found, but differences were more prominent between angry and neutral faces compared to angry/fearful and happy faces. This is likely due to lower arousal elicited by neutral compared to happy faces, which may be more salient as CSs. The findings suggest there are small to moderate differences in differential conditioning when angry or fearful compared to happy or neutral faces are used as CSs. These findings have implications for fear conditioning study design and the preparedness theory.
先前的一些研究表明，与快乐或中性面孔条件刺激相比，愤怒或恐惧面孔条件刺激更容易产生恐惧习得和消退困难，这种差异归因于生物的“预备性”。对比较不同表情的面孔条件刺激的恐惧条件反射研究进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析，确定了三十项研究，其中十八项符合荟萃分析的条件。在习惯化、获得和消退过程中，与快乐或中性面孔相比，愤怒或恐惧面孔的皮肤电反应更大。在愤怒、恐惧、中性和快乐面孔 CS 之间的差异条件反射中也发现了显著差异，但愤怒和中性面孔之间的差异比愤怒/恐惧和快乐面孔之间更为明显。这可能是由于与快乐面孔相比，中性面孔引起的唤醒水平较低，作为 CS 时可能更突出。研究结果表明，当使用愤怒或恐惧面孔与快乐或中性面孔作为 CS 时，差异条件反射存在小到中等差异。这些发现对恐惧条件反射研究设计和预备理论具有启示意义。
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