Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Aug;139:104762. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104762. Epub 2022 Jun 30.
Neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide. The increasing social and economic burdens of neurological disorders are driven by global population growth and aging. Depression is a common psychiatric symptom in numerous neurological disorders. It is also a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias, Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke. The rapid-acting and sustained antidepressant actions of (R,S)-ketamine for severe depression was accidentally discovered. Interestingly, (R)-ketamine has greater potency and longer-lasting antidepressant-like effects than (S)-ketamine in rodents. Importantly, its side effects in rodents and humans are lower than those of (R,S)-ketamine and (S)-ketamine. Furthermore, (R)-ketamine could elicit beneficial actions in various rodent models of neurological disorders, including PD, multiple sclerosis (MS), and stroke. In this article, we review the potential of (R)-ketamine as a prophylactic or therapeutic drug for neurological disorders including AD and other dementias, PD, MS, and stroke.
神经紊乱是全球范围内导致残疾和死亡的主要原因。随着全球人口增长和老龄化，神经紊乱所带来的社会和经济负担也日益加重。抑郁是许多神经紊乱中常见的精神症状。它也是阿尔茨海默病（AD）和其他痴呆症、帕金森病（PD）和中风的一个风险因素。（R，S）-氯胺酮对重度抑郁症的快速起效和持续抗抑郁作用是偶然发现的。有趣的是，（R）-氯胺酮在啮齿动物中的效力和抗抑郁样作用比（S）-氯胺酮更强、持续时间更长。重要的是，其在啮齿动物和人类中的副作用低于（R，S）-氯胺酮和（S）-氯胺酮。此外，（R）-氯胺酮可在包括 PD、多发性硬化症（MS）和中风在内的各种神经紊乱的啮齿动物模型中引发有益作用。在本文中，我们综述了（R）-氯胺酮作为预防或治疗 AD 和其他痴呆症、PD、MS 和中风等神经紊乱的药物的潜力。
