Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, 756020, Odisha, India.
Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2022 Sep-Oct;49:102398. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102398. Epub 2022 Jun 29.
Presently, monkeypox has emerged in multiple countries with many confirmed cases, posing a global public health threat. A link has been found between air travel and the international spread of infectious diseases including the previous spread of monkeypox. This article highlights the spread of COVID-19 through air travel, and then monkeypox spread from one country to another. Scientists are trying to establish the air travel and monkeypox spread. Any travel link from an endemic country has not been proven yet to describe the rising number of current monkeypox cases in non-endemic countries. Due to the quantification method, the direct link of the diseases with air travel might be difficult to establish. However, we have also developed different statistical models of the confirmed cases and the number of air travelers per year (noted in countries where monkeypox has spread). As there is no direct link, these models might show a probability of an indirect association of air travel. However, more strong evidence is needed in this direction. Although, the sudden appearance of monkeypox cases in multiple countries in a few days demands comprehensive epidemiological investigations, genome sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of viral isolates to prove the travel link from an endemic country. At the same time, it is also necessary to know the real cause while also exploring any direct and/or indirect travel links between different countries. Similarly, the possibility of any zoonotic event should find out to understand the more about natural animal reservoir(s) for the monkeypox virus, which is unknown until now. However, this report will help researchers for conducting further explorative research and investigations for understanding transmission patterns and guide policymakers to make proactive policies to limit the spread of monkeypox.
目前，猴痘已经在多个国家出现了大量确诊病例，这对全球公共卫生构成了威胁。人们发现，包括以前的猴痘传播在内，航空旅行与传染病的国际传播之间存在关联。本文重点介绍了 COVID-19 通过航空旅行传播，然后猴痘从一个国家传播到另一个国家。科学家们正在努力确定航空旅行和猴痘传播之间的联系。任何来自流行国家的旅行联系都尚未被证明与目前非流行国家不断增加的猴痘病例有关。由于量化方法的原因，直接将疾病与航空旅行联系起来可能很困难。然而，我们还针对每年的确诊病例和航空旅客数量（在有猴痘传播的国家记录）开发了不同的统计模型。由于没有直接联系，这些模型可能显示出与航空旅行间接关联的概率。但是，这方面需要更多的有力证据。尽管如此，在短短几天内，多个国家突然出现大量猴痘病例，这就要求进行全面的流行病学调查、病毒分离株的基因组测序和系统发育分析，以证明来自流行国家的旅行联系。同时，还需要了解真实原因，同时探索不同国家之间是否存在任何直接和/或间接的旅行联系。同样，也应该确定任何人畜共患事件的可能性，以了解更多关于猴痘病毒的自然动物宿主，这一点直到现在还不清楚。然而，本报告将有助于研究人员开展进一步的探索性研究和调查，以了解传播模式，并为决策者提供指导，以便制定积极主动的政策来限制猴痘的传播。
