Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China; Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences and Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
Chemosphere. 2022 Nov;306:135531. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135531. Epub 2022 Jun 30.
Emerging evidence supports the notion that selenium (Se) plays a beneficial role in plant development for modern crop production and is considered an essential micronutrient and the predominant source of plants. However, the essential role of selenium in plant metabolism remains unclear. When used in moderate concentrations, selenium promotes plant physiological processes such as enhancing plant growth, increasing antioxidant capacity, reducing reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation and offering stress resistance by preventing ferroptosis cell death. Ferroptosis, a recently discovered mechanism of regulated cell death (RCD) with unique features such as iron-dependant accumulation of lipid peroxides, is distinctly different from other known forms of cell death. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity plays a significant role in scavenging the toxic by-products of lipid peroxidation in plants. A low level of GPX activity in plants causes high oxidative stress, which leads to ferroptosis. An integrated view of ferroptosis and selenium in plants and the selenium-mediated nanofertilizers (SeNPs) have been discussed in more recent studies. For instance, selenium supplementation enhanced GPX4 expression and increased TFH cell (Follicular helper T) numbers and the gene transcriptional program, which prevent lipid peroxidase and protect cells from ferroptosis. However, though ferroptosis in plants is similar to that in animals, only few studies have focused on plant-specific ferroptosis; the research on ferroptosis in plants is still in its infancy. Understanding the implication of selenium with relevance to ferroptosis is indispensable for plant bioresource technology. In this review, we hypothesize that blocking ferroptosis cell death improves plant immunity and protects plants from abiotic and biotic stresses. We also examine how SeNPs can be the basis for emerging unconventional and advanced technologies for algae/bamboo biomass production. For instance, algae treated with SeNPs accumulate high lipid profile in algal cells that could thence be used for biodiesel production. We also suggest that further studies in the field of SeNPs are essential for the successful application of this technology for the large-scale production of plant biomass.
新兴证据支持硒（Se）在现代作物生产中对植物发育具有有益作用的观点，并且被认为是一种必需的微量元素和植物的主要来源。然而，硒在植物代谢中的必需作用仍不清楚。当以适度浓度使用时，硒可以促进植物的生理过程，例如促进植物生长、增加抗氧化能力、减少活性氧和脂质过氧化，以及通过防止铁死亡细胞死亡来提供抗胁迫能力。铁死亡是一种新发现的受调控细胞死亡（RCD）机制，具有独特的特征，例如铁依赖性脂质过氧化物的积累，与其他已知的细胞死亡形式明显不同。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）活性在植物中清除脂质过氧化的有毒副产物方面起着重要作用。植物中 GPX 活性低会导致高氧化应激，从而导致铁死亡。最近的研究讨论了植物中的铁死亡和硒以及硒介导的纳米肥料（SeNPs）的综合观点。例如，硒补充剂增强了 GPX4 的表达并增加了 TFH 细胞（滤泡辅助 T 细胞）的数量和基因转录程序，从而防止脂质过氧化物酶并保护细胞免受铁死亡。然而，尽管植物中的铁死亡与动物中的铁死亡相似，但只有少数研究关注于植物特异性的铁死亡；植物中的铁死亡研究仍处于起步阶段。了解与铁死亡相关的硒的意义对于植物生物资源技术是必不可少的。在这篇综述中，我们假设阻断铁死亡细胞死亡可以改善植物的免疫力并保护植物免受非生物和生物胁迫。我们还研究了 SeNPs 如何成为藻类/竹子生物量生产新兴非常规和先进技术的基础。例如，用 SeNPs 处理的藻类在藻类细胞中积累了高脂质谱，然后可以将其用于生物柴油生产。我们还建议，在 SeNPs 领域进行进一步的研究对于成功应用这项技术进行大规模的植物生物质生产是必要的。
