Wang Kaijun, Peng Xiaomin, Yang Anqi, Huang Yiqin, Tan Yuxiao, Qian Yajing, Lv Feifei, Si Hongbin
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
Front Nutr. 2022 Jun 15;9:940217. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.940217. eCollection 2022.
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different protein levels on lipid metabolism and gut microbes in mice of different genders. A total of 60 mice (30 female and 30 male) were randomly assigned to six groups and fed female mice with low protein diet (FLP), basal protein diet (FBD), and high protein diet (FHP). Similarly, the male mice fed with low protein diet (MLP), basal protein diet (MBD), and high protein diet (MHP). The low protein diet contained 14% CP, the basal diet contained 20% CP, and the high protein diet contained 26% CP. The results of the study showed that both basal and high protein diets significantly reduced the perirenal adipose tissues (PEAT) index in male mice compared to low protein diet ( < 0.05). For the gut, the FHP significantly increased the relative gut weight compared to the FBD and FLP ( < 0.05). At the same time, the FHP also significantly increased the relative gut length compared with the FBD and FLP ( < 0.05). The MHP significantly increased TC concentration compared with the MLP ( < 0.05), and the MBD tended to increase TC concentration compared with the MLP in serum ( = 0.084). The histomorphology result of the jejunum and ileum showed that a low protein diet was beneficial to the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine of mice. While different protein levels had no effect on the total number of fecal microbial species in mice, different protein levels had a significant effect on certain fecal microbes in mice, the absolute abundance of in the feces of male mice was significantly higher in both high and basal protein diets than in the low protein diet ( < 0.05). The high protein diet significantly reduced the absolute abundance of in the feces of female mice compared to both the basal and low protein diets ( < 0.05). The absolute abundance of in male feces was not affected by dietary protein levels ( > 0.05). Taken together, our results suggest that a low protein diet can alter fat deposition and lipid metabolism in mice, and that it benefited small intestinal epithelial structure and microbes.
本实验的目的是研究不同蛋白质水平对不同性别的小鼠脂质代谢和肠道微生物的影响。总共60只小鼠（30只雌性和30只雄性）被随机分为六组，给雌性小鼠喂食低蛋白饮食（FLP）、基础蛋白饮食（FBD）和高蛋白饮食（FHP）。同样地，给雄性小鼠喂食低蛋白饮食（MLP）、基础蛋白饮食（MBD）和高蛋白饮食（MHP）。低蛋白饮食含14%粗蛋白，基础饮食含20%粗蛋白，高蛋白饮食含26%粗蛋白。研究结果表明，与低蛋白饮食相比，基础蛋白饮食和高蛋白饮食均显著降低了雄性小鼠的肾周脂肪组织（PEAT）指数（P<0.05）。对于肠道，与FBD和FLP相比，FHP显著增加了相对肠道重量（P<0.05）。同时，与FBD和FLP相比，FHP也显著增加了相对肠道长度（P<0.05）。与MLP相比，MHP显著增加了血清中总胆固醇（TC）浓度（P<0.05），且与MLP相比，MBD有增加血清中TC浓度的趋势（P = 0.084）。空肠和回肠的组织形态学结果表明，低蛋白饮食有利于小鼠小肠营养物质的消化和吸收。虽然不同蛋白质水平对小鼠粪便微生物种类总数没有影响，但不同蛋白质水平对小鼠某些粪便微生物有显著影响，在雄性小鼠粪便中，基础蛋白饮食和高蛋白饮食中某菌的绝对丰度均显著高于低蛋白饮食（P<0.05）。与基础蛋白饮食和低蛋白饮食相比，高蛋白饮食显著降低了雌性小鼠粪便中某菌的绝对丰度（P<0.05）。雄性粪便中某菌的绝对丰度不受饮食蛋白质水平的影响（P>0.05）。综上所述，我们的结果表明，低蛋白饮食可改变小鼠的脂肪沉积和脂质代谢，且有利于小肠上皮结构和微生物。
