Monte Daniel F M, Nethery Matthew A, Berman Hanna, Keelara Shivaramu, Lincopan Nilton, Fedorka-Cray Paula J, Barrangou Rodolphe, Landgraf Mariza
Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Laboratory of Avian Pathology, Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, São Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Jun 17;13:867278. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.867278. eCollection 2022.
subsp. serovar Heidelberg has been associated with a broad host range, such as poultry, dairy calves, swine, wild birds, environment, and humans. The continuous evolution of . Heidelberg raises a public health concern since there is a global dispersal of lineages harboring a wide resistome and virulome on a global scale. Here, we characterized the resistome, phylogenetic structure and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) array composition of 81 . Heidelberg strains isolated from broiler farms ( = 16), transport and lairage ( = 5), slaughterhouse ( = 22), and retail market ( = 38) of the poultry production chain in Brazil, between 2015 and 2016 using high-resolution approaches including whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and WGS-derived CRISPR genotyping. More than 91% of the . Heidelberg strains were multidrug-resistant. The total antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene abundances did not vary significantly across regions and sources suggesting the widespread distribution of antibiotic-resistant strains from farm to market. The highest AMR gene abundance was observed for , , , , , and for 100% of the isolates, followed by 88.8% for . The β-lactam resistance was essentially driven by the presence of the plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC) gene, given the isolates which did not carry this gene were susceptible to cefoxitin (FOX). Most . Heidelberg strains were classified within international lineages, which were phylogenetically nested with strains from European countries; while CRISPR genotyping analysis revealed that the spacer content was overall highly conserved, but distributed into 13 distinct groups. In summary, our findings underscore the potential role of . Heidelberg as a key pathogen disseminated from farm to fork in Brazil and reinforce the importance of CRISPR-based genotyping for salmonellae. Hence, we emphasized the need for continuous mitigation programs to monitor the dissemination of this high-priority pathogen.
海德堡亚种血清型与广泛的宿主范围有关，如家禽、犊牛、猪、野生鸟类、环境和人类。海德堡沙门氏菌的持续进化引发了公共卫生问题，因为全球范围内存在携带广泛耐药组和毒力组的谱系传播。在此，我们利用包括全基因组测序（WGS）和基于WGS的CRISPR基因分型在内的高分辨率方法，对2015年至2016年间从巴西家禽生产链的肉鸡养殖场（n = 16）、运输和待宰场（n = 5）、屠宰场（n = 22）和零售市场（n = 38）分离出的81株海德堡沙门氏菌的耐药组、系统发育结构和规律成簇间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）阵列组成进行了表征。超过91%的海德堡沙门氏菌菌株具有多重耐药性。各区域和来源的总抗菌药物抗性（AMR）基因丰度没有显著差异，这表明抗生素耐药菌株从农场到市场广泛分布。在100%的分离株中，观察到最高的AMR基因丰度是针对 blaTEM、blaCTX-M、blaSHV、tetA、tetB 和 sul1，其次是针对 blaCMY-2 的88.8%。β-内酰胺抗性主要由质粒介导的AmpC（pAmpC）blaCMY-2基因的存在驱动，因为未携带该基因的分离株对头孢西丁（FOX）敏感。大多数海德堡沙门氏菌菌株被归类为国际谱系，在系统发育上与来自欧洲国家的菌株嵌套在一起；而CRISPR基因分型分析表明，间隔区内容总体上高度保守，但分为13个不同的组。总之，我们的研究结果强调了海德堡沙门氏菌作为巴西从农场到餐桌传播关键病原体的潜在作用，并强化了基于CRISPR的基因分型对沙门氏菌的重要性。因此，我们强调需要持续的缓解计划来监测这种高优先级病原体的传播。
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