Witt D J, Craven D E, McCabe W R
Am J Med. 1987 May;82(5):900-6. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(87)90150-1.
Sixty-four episodes of bacterial infection were identified over a 44-month period in 16 of 28 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 14 of 31 patients with AIDS-related complex. Nineteen of the 30 infected patients were parenteral drug abusers, 10 were from Caribbean Islands and had no identified risk factor, and one was a homosexual male. Fourteen patients had 21 episodes of community-acquired pneumonia: Streptococcus pneumoniae (10), Haemophilus influenzae (three), other Haemophilus species (three), group B beta-hemolytic streptococci (one), Staphylococcus aureus (one), Branhamella catarrhalis (one), Legionella pneumophila (one), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (one). Seven patients had eight episodes of nosocomial pneumonia caused by gram-negative bacilli. Twenty-five episodes of community-acquired bacteremia and nine episodes of nosocomial bacteremia were associated with specific sites of infection. Other infections included meningitis (two), urinary tract infection (one), and abscesses involving subcutaneous and deep tissues (12). Sixteen patients had recurrent infections; 11 of these had or eventually had AIDS. Community-acquired bacterial infections in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex are common and may be recurrent but have low fatality rates. In comparison, nosocomial bacterial infections occur primarily in patients with AIDS and have high fatality rates.
在44个月的时间里，28例获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）患者中的16例以及31例艾滋病相关综合征患者中的14例共确诊64次细菌感染。30例受感染患者中，19例为静脉注射吸毒者，10例来自加勒比群岛且未发现危险因素，1例为同性恋男性。14例患者发生21次社区获得性肺炎：肺炎链球菌（10次）、流感嗜血杆菌（3次）、其他嗜血杆菌属（3次）、B组β溶血性链球菌（1次）、金黄色葡萄球菌（1次）、卡他莫拉菌（1次）、嗜肺军团菌（1次）和肺炎支原体（1次）。7例患者发生8次由革兰氏阴性杆菌引起的医院获得性肺炎。25次社区获得性菌血症和9次医院获得性菌血症与特定感染部位相关。其他感染包括脑膜炎（2例）、尿路感染（1例）以及涉及皮下和深部组织的脓肿（12例）。16例患者有反复感染；其中11例已患有或最终患上AIDS。AIDS或艾滋病相关综合征患者的社区获得性细菌感染很常见，可能会反复发生，但死亡率较低。相比之下，医院获得性细菌感染主要发生在AIDS患者中，且死亡率很高。
