Infections in Humans-A Narrative Review of Reported Cases.

BACKGROUND

species are aerobic, Gram-negative, spherical-to-rod-shaped, psychrophilic bacteria that belong to the family. In spite of their uncommon manifestation in the general population, infections due to spp. are increasingly identified especially in immunocompromised individuals or patients with severe comorbidities.

OBJECTIVES

This review aims to analyze all reported instances of spp. infections in humans, with an emphasis on data pertaining to epidemiology, microbiology, antimicrobial resistance, treatment strategies, and mortality outcomes.

METHODS

A narrative review was performed through a literature search of PubMed/MedLine and Scopus databases.

RESULTS

In total, 12 articles offered data on 12 patients infected with spp. Their mean age was 33.41 years, while 63.64% of them were male. Immunosuppression was the predominant risk factor (33.3%). Bacteremia was the most commonly observed type of infection (41.6%), followed by meningitis, skin infection, and conjunctivitis. was the most usually identified species (33.3%). The pathogen exhibited sensitivity to most antimicrobials. The most widely administered antimicrobials included cephalosporins (70%), followed by aminopenicillins and vancomycin (40%, respectively). The clinical outcome depended primarily on the infection site; mortality rate was high (44.4%), especially in cases of bacteremia (50%).

CONCLUSION

Due to the potential of spp. to cause serious infection, clinicians and laboratory professionals should consider it in the differential diagnosis in patients with infections by Gram-negative spherical bacteria, particularly in patients with significant comorbidities and immunodeficiency, in order to accurately establish the diagnosis and proceed to the right treatment.