Cannito Loreta, Anzani Stefano, Bortolotti Alessandro, Di Domenico Alberto, Palumbo Riccardo
Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory (DiSpuTer), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti Scalo, Italy.
Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti Scalo, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2022 Jun 16;13:926520. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.926520. eCollection 2022.
Previous literature suggested that individuals increase temporal and risk discounting at the presence of a proposer whose face is perceived as untrustworthy, suggesting the activation of protective choice patterns. By the way, the COVID-19 pandemic has substantially transformed the way we interact with other people, even bringing us into situations where the face of the person making a proposal is not fully visible, because of the mask. With the current study, we aimed at verifying if the effect of proposer's facial (un)trustworthiness on discounting behavior is modulated by mask wearing. In two different experiments, participants performed traditional delay and probability discounting tasks with masked proposers manipulated across trustworthiness levels. Results highlighted that, even after checking for subject-specific emotion recognition ability with masked faces, the presence of a masked untrustworthy proposer increases both delay and probability discounting parameters, although the effect is not statistically significant and smaller than the one detected at the presence of an untrustworthy proposer without a mask. These results suggest that the ability to perceive the proposer's (un)trustworthiness is affected by the mask, with a consequent less strong effect of proposer's (un)trustworthiness on choice behavior on both intertemporal and risky choices. Limits and possible implications are outlined and discussed.
以往的文献表明,当面对一个面部被认为不可信的提议者时,个体会增加时间和风险折扣,这表明保护性选择模式被激活。顺便说一下,新冠疫情极大地改变了我们与他人互动的方式,甚至使我们陷入由于戴口罩而无法完全看清提议者面部的情况。在当前的研究中,我们旨在验证提议者面部(不)可信性对折扣行为的影响是否会因戴口罩而受到调节。在两个不同的实验中,参与者对戴着口罩的提议者进行传统的延迟和概率折扣任务,提议者的可信性水平有所不同。结果表明,即使在检查了参与者识别戴口罩面部的特定情绪能力之后,戴口罩的不可信提议者的出现仍会增加延迟和概率折扣参数,尽管该效应在统计学上不显著且小于在未戴口罩的不可信提议者出现时所检测到的效应。这些结果表明,感知提议者(不)可信性的能力会受到口罩的影响,从而导致提议者(不)可信性对跨期和风险选择行为的影响减弱。本文概述并讨论了研究的局限性和可能的影响。