Wang Di, Zhang Wei, Zhang Chunxi, Wang Liwei, Chen Heng, Xu Jianbin
Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China.
Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.
Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2022 May 31;29:16-35. doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.05.034. eCollection 2022 Sep 13.
Exosomes are produced by the majority of eukaryotic cells and are capable of transporting a variety of substances, including non-coding RNAs, between cells. Metastasis is a significant cause of death from cancer. Numerous studies have established an important role for exosomal non-coding RNAs in tumor metastasis. Exosomal non-coding RNAs from a variety of cells have been shown to affect tumor metastasis via several mechanisms. Exosomes transmit non-coding RNAs between tumor cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. Exosomal non-coding RNAs also have an effect on epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. Exosomes derived from tumor cells have the ability to transport non-coding RNAs to distant organs, thereby facilitating the formation of the metastatic niche. Due to their role in tumor metastasis, exosomal non-coding RNAs have the potential to serve as diagnostic or prognostic markers as well as therapeutic targets for tumors. The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss the mechanisms of exosomal non-coding RNAs, their role in tumor metastasis, and their clinical utility, aiming to establish new directions for tumor metastasis, diagnosis, and treatment research.
外泌体由大多数真核细胞产生，能够在细胞间运输多种物质，包括非编码RNA。转移是癌症死亡的重要原因。众多研究已证实外泌体非编码RNA在肿瘤转移中起重要作用。来自多种细胞的外泌体非编码RNA已被证明可通过多种机制影响肿瘤转移。外泌体在肿瘤微环境中的肿瘤细胞、成纤维细胞、内皮细胞和免疫细胞之间传递非编码RNA。外泌体非编码RNA还对上皮-间质转化、血管生成和淋巴管生成有影响。源自肿瘤细胞的外泌体能够将非编码RNA运输到远处器官，从而促进转移小生境的形成。由于其在肿瘤转移中的作用，外泌体非编码RNA有潜力作为肿瘤的诊断或预后标志物以及治疗靶点。本文旨在综述和讨论外泌体非编码RNA的机制、它们在肿瘤转移中的作用及其临床应用，旨在为肿瘤转移、诊断和治疗研究确立新方向。
