Zhao Zheng, Zhao Guiping, Yang Shuyue, Zhu Shengtao, Zhang Shutian, Li Peng
Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
Cancer Cell Int. 2021 Jul 9;21(1):364. doi: 10.1186/s12935-021-02059-8.
Exosomes are single-membrane, secreted organelles with a diameter of 30-200 nm, containing diverse bioactive constituents, including DNAs, RNAs, proteins, and lipids, with prominent molecular heterogeneity. Extensive studies indicate that exosomal RNAs (e.g., microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs) can interact with many types of cancers, associated with several hallmark features like tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is among the most lethal cancers worldwide, emerging as the seventh foremost cause of cancer-related death in both sexes. Hence, revealing the specific pathogenesis and improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment process are urgently required. As the study of exosomes has become an active area of research, the functional connections between exosomes and PaCa have been deeply investigated. Among these, exosomal RNAs seem to play a significant role in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of PaCa. Exosomal RNAs delivery ultimately modulates the various features of PaCa, and many scholars have interpreted how exosomal RNAs contribute to the proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, metastasis, immune escape, and drug resistance in PaCa. Besides, recent studies emphasize that exosomal RNAs may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for PaCa. In this review, we will introduce these recent insights focusing on the discoveries of the relationship between exosomal RNAs and PaCa, and the potentially diagnostic and therapeutic applications of exosomes in PaCa.
外泌体是直径为30-200纳米的单膜分泌细胞器，含有多种生物活性成分，包括DNA、RNA、蛋白质和脂质，具有显著的分子异质性。大量研究表明，外泌体RNA（如微小RNA、长链非编码RNA和环状RNA）可与多种癌症相互作用，与肿瘤生长、转移和治疗耐药性等多种标志性特征相关。胰腺癌是全球致死率最高的癌症之一，已成为男女癌症相关死亡的第七大主要原因。因此，迫切需要揭示其具体发病机制并改善临床诊断和治疗过程。随着外泌体研究成为一个活跃的研究领域，外泌体与胰腺癌之间的功能联系已得到深入研究。其中，外泌体RNA似乎在胰腺癌的发生、诊断和治疗中发挥着重要作用。外泌体RNA传递最终调节胰腺癌的各种特征，许多学者已经阐释了外泌体RNA如何促进胰腺癌的增殖、血管生成、迁移、侵袭、转移、免疫逃逸和耐药性。此外，最近的研究强调，外泌体RNA可能作为胰腺癌的诊断和预后生物标志物或治疗靶点。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍这些最新见解，重点关注外泌体RNA与胰腺癌之间关系的发现，以及外泌体在胰腺癌中潜在的诊断和治疗应用。
