Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310020, China.
Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2023 Aug 25;52(4):429-438. doi: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0056.
Tumor-derived exosomes play an important role in the tumor micro-environment. The exosome-derived non-coding RNAs are transmitted in the tumor microenvironment in three ways, communication between tumor cells, normal cells affecting tumor cells, and tumor cells affecting normal cells. Through these three ways, exosomal non-coding RNAs are involved in the regulation of tumor progression, affecting tumor angiogenesis, tumor invasiveness, drug resistance, stemness, tumor metabolic repro-gramming and immune escape, resulting in dual roles in promoting or inhibiting tumor development. Exosomes have a membranous structure and their contents are resistant to degradation by extracellular proteases and remain highly stable in body fluids, thus exosome-derived non-coding RNAs are expected to serve as diagnostic and prognostic indicators for a variety of cancers. In addition, exosomes can be used to deliver non-coding RNAs for targeted therapy, or to knock down or modify tumor-promoting non-coding RNAs for tumor therapy. This article reviews the function and communication mechanism of exosomal non-coding RNAs in the tumor microenvironment, including their pathways of action, effects, potential values for tumor biomarkers and treatment targets. This article also points out the issues that need to be further studied in order to promote the progress of extracellular non-coding RNAs in cancer research and their application in tumor diagnosis and treatment.
肿瘤来源的外泌体在肿瘤微环境中发挥着重要作用。外泌体来源的非编码 RNA 以三种方式在肿瘤微环境中传递，即肿瘤细胞之间的通讯、正常细胞影响肿瘤细胞以及肿瘤细胞影响正常细胞。通过这三种方式，外泌体非编码 RNA 参与了肿瘤进展的调控，影响肿瘤血管生成、肿瘤侵袭性、耐药性、干性、肿瘤代谢重编程和免疫逃逸，从而在促进或抑制肿瘤发展中发挥双重作用。外泌体具有膜结构，其内容物不易被细胞外蛋白酶降解，并在体液中保持高度稳定，因此外泌体来源的非编码 RNA 有望成为多种癌症的诊断和预后标志物。此外，外泌体可以用来传递非编码 RNA 进行靶向治疗，或敲低或修饰促进肿瘤的非编码 RNA 进行肿瘤治疗。本文综述了外泌体非编码 RNA 在肿瘤微环境中的功能和通讯机制，包括其作用途径、作用效果、作为肿瘤生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜在价值。本文还指出了为了促进细胞外非编码 RNA 在癌症研究中的进展及其在肿瘤诊断和治疗中的应用，需要进一步研究的问题。
