Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and the Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
J Fish Biol. 2022 Oct;101(4):756-779. doi: 10.1111/jfb.15153. Epub 2022 Jul 25.
Movement of fishes in the aquatic realm is fundamental to their ecology and survival. Movement can be driven by a variety of biological, physiological and environmental factors occurring across all spatial and temporal scales. The intrinsic capacity of movement to impact fish individually (e.g., foraging) with potential knock-on effects throughout the ecosystem (e.g., food web dynamics) has garnered considerable interest in the field of movement ecology. The advancement of technology in recent decades, in combination with ever-growing threats to freshwater and marine systems, has further spurred empirical research and theoretical considerations. Given the rapid expansion within the field of movement ecology and its significant role in informing management and conservation efforts, a contemporary and multidisciplinary review about the various components influencing movement is outstanding. Using an established conceptual framework for movement ecology as a guide (i.e., Nathan et al., 2008: 19052), we synthesized the environmental and individual factors that affect the movement of fishes. Specifically, internal (e.g., energy acquisition, endocrinology, and homeostasis) and external (biotic and abiotic) environmental elements are discussed, as well as the different processes that influence individual-level (or population) decisions, such as navigation cues, motion capacity, propagation characteristics and group behaviours. In addition to environmental drivers and individual movement factors, we also explored how associated strategies help survival by optimizing physiological and other biological states. Next, we identified how movement ecology is increasingly being incorporated into management and conservation by highlighting the inherent benefits that spatio-temporal fish behaviour imbues into policy, regulatory, and remediation planning. Finally, we considered the future of movement ecology by evaluating ongoing technological innovations and both the challenges and opportunities that these advancements create for scientists and managers. As aquatic ecosystems continue to face alarming climate (and other human-driven) issues that impact animal movements, the comprehensive and multidisciplinary assessment of movement ecology will be instrumental in developing plans to guide research and promote sustainability measures for aquatic resources.
鱼类在水生态系统中的运动对于它们的生态和生存至关重要。运动可以由各种生物、生理和环境因素驱动，这些因素发生在所有的时空尺度上。运动对鱼类个体的内在影响（例如，觅食）及其在整个生态系统中的潜在连锁效应（例如，食物网动态）引起了运动生态学领域的极大关注。近几十年来，技术的进步，加上对淡水和海洋系统的威胁日益增加，进一步推动了实证研究和理论思考。鉴于运动生态学领域的快速发展及其在为管理和保护工作提供信息方面的重要作用，对影响运动的各种因素进行当代和多学科的综述是非常必要的。我们使用运动生态学的既定概念框架（即 Nathan 等人，2008：19052）作为指导，综合了影响鱼类运动的环境和个体因素。具体来说，我们讨论了内部（例如，能量获取、内分泌学和体内平衡）和外部（生物和非生物）环境要素，以及影响个体水平（或种群）决策的不同过程，例如导航线索、运动能力、传播特征和群体行为。除了环境驱动因素和个体运动因素外，我们还探讨了相关策略如何通过优化生理和其他生物状态来帮助鱼类生存。接下来，我们通过强调时空鱼类行为赋予政策、法规和补救规划的固有益处，确定了运动生态学如何越来越多地被纳入管理和保护中。最后，我们通过评估正在进行的技术创新以及这些进步为科学家和管理者带来的挑战和机遇，考虑了运动生态学的未来。随着水生生态系统继续面临影响动物运动的令人震惊的气候（和其他人为驱动）问题，对运动生态学的全面和多学科评估将是制定指导研究和促进水生资源可持续性措施的重要工具。
