Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Chile.
Departamento de Ciencias del Movimiento Humano, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
PeerJ. 2022 Jun 30;10:e13589. doi: 10.7717/peerj.13589. eCollection 2022.
Multiple investigations have compared the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the scapular muscles between stable and unstable support surfaces during the execution of closed kinetic chain exercises. However, these comparative analyses have grouped different unstable surfaces (wobble board, BOSU, therapeutic ball, and suspension equipment) into a single data pool, without considering the possible differences in neuromuscular demand induced by each unstable support surface. This study aimed to analyze the individual effect of different unstable support surfaces compared to a stable support surface on scapular muscles EMG activity during the execution of closed kinetic chain exercises.
A literature search was conducted of the Pubmed Central, ScienceDirect and SPORTDiscus databases. Studies which investigated scapular muscles EMG during push-ups and compared at least two support surfaces were included. The risk of bias of included articles was assessed using a standardized quality assessment form for descriptive, observational and EMG studies, and the certainty of the evidence was measured with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. A random-effects model was used to calculate effect sizes (ES, Hedge's ).
Thirty studies were selected in the systematic review. Of these, twenty-three low-to-high quality studies (498 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. The main analyzes revealed, in decreasing order, greater UT EMG activity during push-ups performed on suspension equipment (ES = 2.92; = 0.004), therapeutic ball (ES = 1.03; < 0.001) and wobble board (ES = 0.33; = 0.003); without effect on the BOSU ball. In addition, no effect was observed for SA on any unstable device. The certainty of the evidence ranged from low to very low due to the inclusion of descriptive studies, as well as high imprecision, inconsistency, and risk of publication bias.
These findings could be applied in scapular muscles strengthening in healthy individuals. The use of suspension equipment achieves higher UT activation levels. Conversely, the use of any type of unstable devices to increase the activation levels of the SA in shoulder musculoskeletal dysfunctions is not recommended. These conclusions should be interpreted with caution as the available evidence showed a low to very low certainty of evidence, downgraded mostly by inconsistency and imprecision.
多项研究比较了在执行闭式运动链练习时，肩胛骨肌肉在稳定和不稳定支撑表面下的肌电图（EMG）活动。然而，这些比较分析将不同的不稳定表面（摇摆板、BOSU、治疗球和悬挂设备）归入单个数据池，而没有考虑每个不稳定支撑表面引起的神经肌肉需求的可能差异。本研究旨在分析与稳定支撑表面相比，不同不稳定支撑表面对执行闭式运动链练习时肩胛骨肌肉 EMG 活动的单独影响。
对 Pubmed Central、ScienceDirect 和 SPORTDiscus 数据库进行文献检索。纳入了研究肩胛骨肌肉在俯卧撑期间肌电图并比较了至少两种支撑表面的研究。使用针对描述性、观察性和 EMG 研究的标准化质量评估表评估纳入文章的偏倚风险，并使用推荐评估、制定和评估（GRADE）方法衡量证据的确定性。使用随机效应模型计算效应大小（ES，Hedge's ）。
系统评价中选择了 30 项研究。其中，23 项低至高质量研究（498 名参与者）纳入荟萃分析。主要分析结果按降序排列，在悬挂设备（ES = 2.92；= 0.004）、治疗球（ES = 1.03；< 0.001）和摇摆板（ES = 0.33；= 0.003）上进行俯卧撑时，UT 肌电活动更大；对 BOSU 球没有影响。此外，在任何不稳定设备上，SA 均未观察到效果。由于纳入了描述性研究，以及高不精确性、不一致性和发表偏倚风险，证据的确定性范围从低到非常低。
这些发现可应用于健康个体的肩胛骨肌肉强化。使用悬挂设备可达到更高的 UT 激活水平。相反，不建议使用任何类型的不稳定设备来增加肩部肌肉骨骼功能障碍中 SA 的激活水平。由于可用证据的确定性低至非常低，主要降级原因是不一致性和不精确性，因此应谨慎解释这些结论。
